What are Blockchain Confirmations and Why is it Important?

Ultimate glossary of crypto currency terms, acronyms and abbreviations

I thought it would be really cool to have an ultimate guide for those new to crypto currencies and the terms used. I made this mostly for beginner’s and veterans alike. I’m not sure how much use you will get out of this. Stuff gets lost on Reddit quite easily so I hope this finds its way to you. Included in this list, I have included most of the terms used in crypto-communities. I have compiled this list from a multitude of sources. The list is in alphabetical order and may include some words/terms not exclusive to the crypto world but may be helpful regardless.
2FA
Two factor authentication. I highly advise that you use it.
51% Attack:
A situation where a single malicious individual or group gains control of more than half of a cryptocurrency network’s computing power. Theoretically, it could allow perpetrators to manipulate the system and spend the same coin multiple times, stop other users from completing blocks and make conflicting transactions to a chain that could harm the network.
Address (or Addy):
A unique string of numbers and letters (both upper and lower case) used to send, receive or store cryptocurrency on the network. It is also the public key in a pair of keys needed to sign a digital transaction. Addresses can be shared publicly as a text or in the form of a scannable QR code. They differ between cryptocurrencies. You can’t send Bitcoin to an Ethereum address, for example.
Altcoin (alternative coin): Any digital currency other than Bitcoin. These other currencies are alternatives to Bitcoin regarding features and functionalities (e.g. faster confirmation time, lower price, improved mining algorithm, higher total coin supply). There are hundreds of altcoins, including Ether, Ripple, Litecoin and many many others.
AIRDROP:
An event where the investors/participants are able to receive free tokens or coins into their digital wallet.
AML: Defines Anti-Money Laundering laws**.**
ARBITRAGE:
Getting risk-free profits by trading (simultaneous buying and selling of the cryptocurrency) on two different exchanges which have different prices for the same asset.
Ashdraked:
Being Ashdraked is essentially a more detailed version of being Zhoutonged. It is when you lose all of your invested capital, but you do so specifically by shorting Bitcoin. The expression “Ashdraked” comes from a story of a Romanian cryptocurrency investor who insisted upon shorting BTC, as he had done so successfully in the past. When the price of BTC rose from USD 300 to USD 500, the Romanian investor lost all of his money.
ATH (All Time High):
The highest price ever achieved by a cryptocurrency in its entire history. Alternatively, ATL is all time low
Bearish:
A tendency of prices to fall; a pessimistic expectation that the value of a coin is going to drop.
Bear trap:
A manipulation of a stock or commodity by investors.
Bitcoin:
The very first, and the highest ever valued, mass-market open source and decentralized cryptocurrency and digital payment system that runs on a worldwide peer to peer network. It operates independently of any centralized authorities
Bitconnect:
One of the biggest scams in the crypto world. it was made popular in the meme world by screaming idiot Carlos Matos, who infamously proclaimed," hey hey heeeey” and “what's a what's a what's up wasssssssssuuuuuuuuuuuuup, BitConneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeect!”. He is now in the mentally ill meme hall of fame.
Block:
A package of permanently recorded data about transactions occurring every time period (typically about 10 minutes) on the blockchain network. Once a record has been completed and verified, it goes into a blockchain and gives way to the next block. Each block also contains a complex mathematical puzzle with a unique answer, without which new blocks can’t be added to the chain.
Blockchain:
An unchangeable digital record of all transactions ever made in a particular cryptocurrency and shared across thousands of computers worldwide. It has no central authority governing it. Records, or blocks, are chained to each other using a cryptographic signature. They are stored publicly and chronologically, from the genesis block to the latest block, hence the term blockchain. Anyone can have access to the database and yet it remains incredibly difficult to hack.
Bullish:
A tendency of prices to rise; an optimistic expectation that a specific cryptocurrency will do well and its value is going to increase.
BTFD:
Buy the fucking dip. This advise was bestowed upon us by the gods themselves. It is the iron code to crypto enthusiasts.
Bull market:
A market that Cryptos are going up.
Consensus:
An agreement among blockchain participants on the validity of data. Consensus is reached when the majority of nodes on the network verify that the transaction is 100% valid.
Crypto bubble:
The instability of cryptocurrencies in terms of price value
Cryptocurrency:
A type of digital currency, secured by strong computer code (cryptography), that operates independently of any middlemen or central authoritie
Cryptography:
The art of converting sensitive data into a format unreadable for unauthorized users, which when decoded would result in a meaningful statement.
Cryptojacking:
The use of someone else’s device and profiting from its computational power to mine cryptocurrency without their knowledge and consent.
Crypto-Valhalla:
When HODLers(holders) eventually cash out they go to a place called crypto-Valhalla. The strong will be separated from the weak and the strong will then be given lambos.
DAO:
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations. It defines A blockchain technology inspired organization or corporation that exists and operates without human intervention.
Dapp (decentralized application):
An open-source application that runs and stores its data on a blockchain network (instead of a central server) to prevent a single failure point. This software is not controlled by the single body – information comes from people providing other people with data or computing power.
Decentralized:
A system with no fundamental control authority that governs the network. Instead, it is jointly managed by all users to the system.
Desktop wallet:
A wallet that stores the private keys on your computer, which allow the spending and management of your bitcoins.
DILDO:
Long red or green candles. This is a crypto signal that tells you that it is not favorable to trade at the moment. Found on candlestick charts.
Digital Signature:
An encrypted digital code attached to an electronic document to prove that the sender is who they say they are and confirm that a transaction is valid and should be accepted by the network.
Double Spending:
An attack on the blockchain where a malicious user manipulates the network by sending digital money to two different recipients at exactly the same time.
DYOR:
Means do your own research.
Encryption:
Converting data into code to protect it from unauthorized access, so that only the intended recipient(s) can decode it.
Eskrow:
the practice of having a third party act as an intermediary in a transaction. This third party holds the funds on and sends them off when the transaction is completed.
Ethereum:
Ethereum is an open source, public, blockchain-based platform that runs smart contracts and allows you to build dapps on it. Ethereum is fueled by the cryptocurrency Ether.
Exchange:
A platform (centralized or decentralized) for exchanging (trading) different forms of cryptocurrencies. These exchanges allow you to exchange cryptos for local currency. Some popular exchanges are Coinbase, Bittrex, Kraken and more.
Faucet:
A website which gives away free cryptocurrencies.
Fiat money:
Fiat currency is legal tender whose value is backed by the government that issued it, such as the US dollar or UK pound.
Fork:
A split in the blockchain, resulting in two separate branches, an original and a new alternate version of the cryptocurrency. As a single blockchain forks into two, they will both run simultaneously on different parts of the network. For example, Bitcoin Cash is a Bitcoin fork.
FOMO:
Fear of missing out.
Frictionless:
A system is frictionless when there are zero transaction costs or trading retraints.
FUD:
Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt regarding the crypto market.
Gas:
A fee paid to run transactions, dapps and smart contracts on Ethereum.
Halving:
A 50% decrease in block reward after the mining of a pre-specified number of blocks. Every 4 years, the “reward” for successfully mining a block of bitcoin is reduced by half. This is referred to as “Halving”.
Hardware wallet:
Physical wallet devices that can securely store cryptocurrency maximally. Some examples are Ledger Nano S**,** Digital Bitbox and more**.**
Hash:
The process that takes input data of varying sizes, performs an operation on it and converts it into a fixed size output. It cannot be reversed.
Hashing:
The process by which you mine bitcoin or similar cryptocurrency, by trying to solve the mathematical problem within it, using cryptographic hash functions.
HODL:
A Bitcoin enthusiast once accidentally misspelled the word HOLD and it is now part of the bitcoin legend. It can also mean hold on for dear life.
ICO (Initial Coin Offering):
A blockchain-based fundraising mechanism, or a public crowd sale of a new digital coin, used to raise capital from supporters for an early stage crypto venture. Beware of these as there have been quite a few scams in the past.
John mcAfee:
A man who will one day eat his balls on live television for falsely predicting bitcoin going to 100k. He has also become a small meme within the crypto community for his outlandish claims.
JOMO:
Joy of missing out. For those who are so depressed about missing out their sadness becomes joy.
KYC:
Know your customer(alternatively consumer).
Lambo:
This stands for Lamborghini. A small meme within the investing community where the moment someone gets rich they spend their earnings on a lambo. One day we will all have lambos in crypto-valhalla.
Ledger:
Away from Blockchain, it is a book of financial transactions and balances. In the world of crypto, the blockchain functions as a ledger. A digital currency’s ledger records all transactions which took place on a certain block chain network.
Leverage:
Trading with borrowed capital (margin) in order to increase the potential return of an investment.
Liquidity:
The availability of an asset to be bought and sold easily, without affecting its market price.
of the coins.
Margin trading:
The trading of assets or securities bought with borrowed money.
Market cap/MCAP:
A short-term for Market Capitalization. Market Capitalization refers to the market value of a particular cryptocurrency. It is computed by multiplying the Price of an individual unit of coins by the total circulating supply.
Miner:
A computer participating in any cryptocurrency network performing proof of work. This is usually done to receive block rewards.
Mining:
The act of solving a complex math equation to validate a blockchain transaction using computer processing power and specialized hardware.
Mining contract:
A method of investing in bitcoin mining hardware, allowing anyone to rent out a pre-specified amount of hashing power, for an agreed amount of time. The mining service takes care of hardware maintenance, hosting and electricity costs, making it simpler for investors.
Mining rig:
A computer specially designed for mining cryptocurrencies.
Mooning:
A situation the price of a coin rapidly increases in value. Can also be used as: “I hope bitcoin goes to the moon”
Node:
Any computing device that connects to the blockchain network.
Open source:
The practice of sharing the source code for a piece of computer software, allowing it to be distributed and altered by anyone.
OTC:
Over the counter. Trading is done directly between parties.
P2P (Peer to Peer):
A type of network connection where participants interact directly with each other rather than through a centralized third party. The system allows the exchange of resources from A to B, without having to go through a separate server.
Paper wallet:
A form of “cold storage” where the private keys are printed onto a piece of paper and stored offline. Considered as one of the safest crypto wallets, the truth is that it majors in sweeping coins from your wallets.
Pre mining:
The mining of a cryptocurrency by its developers before it is released to the public.
Proof of stake (POS):
A consensus distribution algorithm which essentially rewards you based upon the amount of the coin that you own. In other words, more investment in the coin will leads to more gain when you mine with this protocol In Proof of Stake, the resource held by the “miner” is their stake in the currency.
PROOF OF WORK (POW) :
The competition of computers competing to solve a tough crypto math problem. The first computer that does this is allowed to create new blocks and record information.” The miner is then usually rewarded via transaction fees.
Protocol:
A standardized set of rules for formatting and processing data.
Public key / private key:
A cryptographic code that allows a user to receive cryptocurrencies into an account. The public key is made available to everyone via a publicly accessible directory, and the private key remains confidential to its respective owner. Because the key pair is mathematically related, whatever is encrypted with a public key may only be decrypted by its corresponding private key.
Pump and dump:
Massive buying and selling activity of cryptocurrencies (sometimes organized and to one’s benefit) which essentially result in a phenomenon where the significant surge in the value of coin followed by a huge crash take place in a short time frame.
Recovery phrase:
A set of phrases you are given whereby you can regain or access your wallet should you lose the private key to your wallets — paper, mobile, desktop, and hardware wallet. These phrases are some random 12–24 words. A recovery Phrase can also be called as Recovery seed, Seed Key, Recovery Key, or Seed Phrase.
REKT:
Referring to the word “wrecked”. It defines a situation whereby an investor or trader who has been ruined utterly following the massive losses suffered in crypto industry.
Ripple:
An alternative payment network to Bitcoin based on similar cryptography. The ripple network uses XRP as currency and is capable of sending any asset type.
ROI:
Return on investment.
Safu:
A crypto term for safe popularized by the Bizonnaci YouTube channel after the CEO of Binance tweeted
“Funds are safe."
“the exchage I use got hacked!”“Oh no, are your funds safu?”
“My coins better be safu!”
​
​
Sats/Satoshi:
The smallest fraction of a bitcoin is called a “satoshi” or “sat”. It represents one hundred-millionth of a bitcoin and is named after Satoshi Nakamoto.
Satoshi Nakamoto:
This was the pseudonym for the mysterious creator of Bitcoin.
Scalability:
The ability of a cryptocurrency to contain the massive use of its Blockchain.
Sharding:
A scaling solution for the Blockchain. It is generally a method that allows nodes to have partial copies of the complete blockchain in order to increase overall network performance and consensus speeds.
Shitcoin:
Coin with little potential or future prospects.
Shill:
Spreading buzz by heavily promoting a particular coin in the community to create awareness.
Short position:
Selling of a specific cryptocurrency with an expectation that it will drop in value.
Silk road:
The online marketplace where drugs and other illicit items were traded for Bitcoin. This marketplace is using accessed through “TOR”, and VPNs. In October 2013, a Silk Road was shut down in by the FBI.
Smart Contract:
Certain computational benchmarks or barriers that have to be met in turn for money or data to be deposited or even be used to verify things such as land rights.
Software Wallet:
A crypto wallet that exists purely as software files on a computer. Usually, software wallets can be generated for free from a variety of sources.
Solidity:
A contract-oriented coding language for implementing smart contracts on Ethereum. Its syntax is similar to that of JavaScript.
Stable coin:
A cryptocoin with an extremely low volatility that can be used to trade against the overall market.
Staking:
Staking is the process of actively participating in transaction validation (similar to mining) on a proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain. On these blockchains, anyone with a minimum-required balance of a specific cryptocurrency can validate transactions and earn Staking rewards.
Surge:
When a crypto currency appreciates or goes up in price.
Tank:
The opposite of mooning. When a coin tanks it can also be described as crashing.
Tendies
For traders , the chief prize is “tendies” (chicken tenders, the treat an overgrown man-child receives for being a “Good Boy”) .
Token:
A unit of value that represents a digital asset built on a blockchain system. A token is usually considered as a “coin” of a cryptocurrency, but it really has a wider functionality.
TOR: “The Onion Router” is a free web browser designed to protect users’ anonymity and resist censorship. Tor is usually used surfing the web anonymously and access sites on the “Darkweb”.
Transaction fee:
An amount of money users are charged from their transaction when sending cryptocurrencies.
Volatility:
A measure of fluctuations in the price of a financial instrument over time. High volatility in bitcoin is seen as risky since its shifting value discourages people from spending or accepting it.
Wallet:
A file that stores all your private keys and communicates with the blockchain to perform transactions. It allows you to send and receive bitcoins securely as well as view your balance and transaction history.
Whale:
An investor that holds a tremendous amount of cryptocurrency. Their extraordinary large holdings allow them to control prices and manipulate the market.
Whitepaper:
​
A comprehensive report or guide made to understand an issue or help decision making. It is also seen as a technical write up that most cryptocurrencies provide to take a deep look into the structure and plan of the cryptocurrency/Blockchain project. Satoshi Nakamoto was the first to release a whitepaper on Bitcoin, titled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” in late 2008.
And with that I finally complete my odyssey. I sincerely hope that this helped you and if you are new, I welcome you to crypto. If you read all of that I hope it increased, you in knowledge.
my final definition:
Crypto-Family:
A collection of all the HODLers and crypto fanatics. A place where all people alike unite over a love for crypto.
We are all in this together as we pioneer the new world that is crypto currency. I wish you a great day and Happy HODLing.
-u/flacciduck
feel free to comment words or terms that you feel should be included or about any errors I made.
Edit1:some fixes were made and added words.
submitted by flacciduck to CryptoCurrency [link] [comments]

Comparison between Avalanche, Cosmos and Polkadot

Comparison between Avalanche, Cosmos and Polkadot
Reposting after was mistakenly removed by mods (since resolved - Thanks)
A frequent question I see being asked is how Cosmos, Polkadot and Avalanche compare? Whilst there are similarities there are also a lot of differences. This article is not intended to be an extensive in-depth list, but rather an overview based on some of the criteria that I feel are most important.
For better formatting see https://medium.com/ava-hub/comparison-between-avalanche-cosmos-and-polkadot-a2a98f46c03b
https://preview.redd.it/e8s7dj3ivpq51.png?width=428&format=png&auto=webp&s=5d0463462702637118c7527ebf96e91f4a80b290

Overview

Cosmos

Cosmos is a heterogeneous network of many independent parallel blockchains, each powered by classical BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint. Developers can easily build custom application specific blockchains, called Zones, through the Cosmos SDK framework. These Zones connect to Hubs, which are specifically designed to connect zones together.
The vision of Cosmos is to have thousands of Zones and Hubs that are Interoperable through the Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC). Cosmos can also connect to other systems through peg zones, which are specifically designed zones that each are custom made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. Cosmos does not use Sharding with each Zone and Hub being sovereign with their own validator set.
For a more in-depth look at Cosmos and provide more reference to points made in this article, please see my three part series — Part One, Part Two, Part Three
(There's a youtube video with a quick video overview of Cosmos on the medium article - https://medium.com/ava-hub/comparison-between-avalanche-cosmos-and-polkadot-a2a98f46c03b)

Polkadot

Polkadot is a heterogeneous blockchain protocol that connects multiple specialised blockchains into one unified network. It achieves scalability through a sharding infrastructure with multiple blockchains running in parallel, called parachains, that connect to a central chain called the Relay Chain. Developers can easily build custom application specific parachains through the Substrate development framework.
The relay chain validates the state transition of connected parachains, providing shared state across the entire ecosystem. If the Relay Chain must revert for any reason, then all of the parachains would also revert. This is to ensure that the validity of the entire system can persist, and no individual part is corruptible. The shared state makes it so that the trust assumptions when using parachains are only those of the Relay Chain validator set, and no other. Interoperability is enabled between parachains through Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) protocol and is also possible to connect to other systems through bridges, which are specifically designed parachains or parathreads that each are custom made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. The hope is to have 100 parachains connect to the relay chain.
For a more in-depth look at Polkadot and provide more reference to points made in this article, please see my three part series — Part One, Part Two, Part Three
(There's a youtube video with a quick video overview of Polkadot on the medium article - https://medium.com/ava-hub/comparison-between-avalanche-cosmos-and-polkadot-a2a98f46c03b)

Avalanche

Avalanche is a platform of platforms, ultimately consisting of thousands of subnets to form a heterogeneous interoperable network of many blockchains, that takes advantage of the revolutionary Avalanche Consensus protocols to provide a secure, globally distributed, interoperable and trustless framework offering unprecedented decentralisation whilst being able to comply with regulatory requirements.
Avalanche allows anyone to create their own tailor-made application specific blockchains, supporting multiple custom virtual machines such as EVM and WASM and written in popular languages like Go (with others coming in the future) rather than lightly used, poorly-understood languages like Solidity. This virtual machine can then be deployed on a custom blockchain network, called a subnet, which consist of a dynamic set of validators working together to achieve consensus on the state of a set of many blockchains where complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance.
Avalanche was built with serving financial markets in mind. It has native support for easily creating and trading digital smart assets with complex custom rule sets that define how the asset is handled and traded to ensure regulatory compliance can be met. Interoperability is enabled between blockchains within a subnet as well as between subnets. Like Cosmos and Polkadot, Avalanche is also able to connect to other systems through bridges, through custom virtual machines made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin.
For a more in-depth look at Avalanche and provide more reference to points made in this article, please see here and here
(There's a youtube video with a quick video overview of Avalanche on the medium article - https://medium.com/ava-hub/comparison-between-avalanche-cosmos-and-polkadot-a2a98f46c03b)

Comparison between Cosmos, Polkadot and Avalanche

A frequent question I see being asked is how Cosmos, Polkadot and Avalanche compare? Whilst there are similarities there are also a lot of differences. This article is not intended to be an extensive in-depth list, but rather an overview based on some of the criteria that I feel are most important. For a more in-depth view I recommend reading the articles for each of the projects linked above and coming to your own conclusions. I want to stress that it’s not a case of one platform being the killer of all other platforms, far from it. There won’t be one platform to rule them all, and too often the tribalism has plagued this space. Blockchains are going to completely revolutionise most industries and have a profound effect on the world we know today. It’s still very early in this space with most adoption limited to speculation and trading mainly due to the limitations of Blockchain and current iteration of Ethereum, which all three of these platforms hope to address. For those who just want a quick summary see the image at the bottom of the article. With that said let’s have a look

Scalability

Cosmos

Each Zone and Hub in Cosmos is capable of up to around 1000 transactions per second with bandwidth being the bottleneck in consensus. Cosmos aims to have thousands of Zones and Hubs all connected through IBC. There is no limit on the number of Zones / Hubs that can be created

Polkadot

Parachains in Polkadot are also capable of up to around 1500 transactions per second. A portion of the parachain slots on the Relay Chain will be designated as part of the parathread pool, the performance of a parachain is split between many parathreads offering lower performance and compete amongst themselves in a per-block auction to have their transactions included in the next relay chain block. The number of parachains is limited by the number of validators on the relay chain, they hope to be able to achieve 100 parachains.

Avalanche

Avalanche is capable of around 4500 transactions per second per subnet, this is based on modest hardware requirements to ensure maximum decentralisation of just 2 CPU cores and 4 GB of Memory and with a validator size of over 2,000 nodes. Performance is CPU-bound and if higher performance is required then more specialised subnets can be created with higher minimum requirements to be able to achieve 10,000 tps+ in a subnet. Avalanche aims to have thousands of subnets (each with multiple virtual machines / blockchains) all interoperable with each other. There is no limit on the number of Subnets that can be created.

Results

All three platforms offer vastly superior performance to the likes of Bitcoin and Ethereum 1.0. Avalanche with its higher transactions per second, no limit on the number of subnets / blockchains that can be created and the consensus can scale to potentially millions of validators all participating in consensus scores ✅✅✅. Polkadot claims to offer more tps than cosmos, but is limited to the number of parachains (around 100) whereas with Cosmos there is no limit on the number of hubs / zones that can be created. Cosmos is limited to a fairly small validator size of around 200 before performance degrades whereas Polkadot hopes to be able to reach 1000 validators in the relay chain (albeit only a small number of validators are assigned to each parachain). Thus Cosmos and Polkadot scores ✅✅
https://preview.redd.it/2o0brllyvpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=8f62bb696ecaafcf6184da005d5fe0129d504518

Decentralisation

Cosmos

Tendermint consensus is limited to around 200 validators before performance starts to degrade. Whilst there is the Cosmos Hub it is one of many hubs in the network and there is no central hub or limit on the number of zones / hubs that can be created.

Polkadot

Polkadot has 1000 validators in the relay chain and these are split up into a small number that validate each parachain (minimum of 14). The relay chain is a central point of failure as all parachains connect to it and the number of parachains is limited depending on the number of validators (they hope to achieve 100 parachains). Due to the limited number of parachain slots available, significant sums of DOT will need to be purchased to win an auction to lease the slot for up to 24 months at a time. Thus likely to lead to only those with enough funds to secure a parachain slot. Parathreads are however an alternative for those that require less and more varied performance for those that can’t secure a parachain slot.

Avalanche

Avalanche consensus scan scale to tens of thousands of validators, even potentially millions of validators all participating in consensus through repeated sub-sampling. The more validators, the faster the network becomes as the load is split between them. There are modest hardware requirements so anyone can run a node and there is no limit on the number of subnets / virtual machines that can be created.

Results

Avalanche offers unparalleled decentralisation using its revolutionary consensus protocols that can scale to millions of validators all participating in consensus at the same time. There is no limit to the number of subnets and virtual machines that can be created, and they can be created by anyone for a small fee, it scores ✅✅✅. Cosmos is limited to 200 validators but no limit on the number of zones / hubs that can be created, which anyone can create and scores ✅✅. Polkadot hopes to accommodate 1000 validators in the relay chain (albeit these are split amongst each of the parachains). The number of parachains is limited and maybe cost prohibitive for many and the relay chain is a ultimately a single point of failure. Whilst definitely not saying it’s centralised and it is more decentralised than many others, just in comparison between the three, it scores ✅
https://preview.redd.it/ckfamee0wpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=c4355f145d821fabf7785e238dbc96a5f5ce2846

Latency

Cosmos

Tendermint consensus used in Cosmos reaches finality within 6 seconds. Cosmos consists of many Zones and Hubs that connect to each other. Communication between 2 zones could pass through many hubs along the way, thus also can contribute to latency times depending on the path taken as explained in part two of the articles on Cosmos. It doesn’t need to wait for an extended period of time with risk of rollbacks.

Polkadot

Polkadot provides a Hybrid consensus protocol consisting of Block producing protocol, BABE, and then a finality gadget called GRANDPA that works to agree on a chain, out of many possible forks, by following some simpler fork choice rule. Rather than voting on every block, instead it reaches agreements on chains. As soon as more than 2/3 of validators attest to a chain containing a certain block, all blocks leading up to that one are finalized at once.
If an invalid block is detected after it has been finalised then the relay chain would need to be reverted along with every parachain. This is particularly important when connecting to external blockchains as those don’t share the state of the relay chain and thus can’t be rolled back. The longer the time period, the more secure the network is, as there is more time for additional checks to be performed and reported but at the expense of finality. Finality is reached within 60 seconds between parachains but for external ecosystems like Ethereum their state obviously can’t be rolled back like a parachain and so finality will need to be much longer (60 minutes was suggested in the whitepaper) and discussed in more detail in part three

Avalanche

Avalanche consensus achieves finality within 3 seconds, with most happening sub 1 second, immutable and completely irreversible. Any subnet can connect directly to another without having to go through multiple hops and any VM can talk to another VM within the same subnet as well as external subnets. It doesn’t need to wait for an extended period of time with risk of rollbacks.

Results

With regards to performance far too much emphasis is just put on tps as a metric, the other equally important metric, if not more important with regards to finance is latency. Throughput measures the amount of data at any given time that it can handle whereas latency is the amount of time it takes to perform an action. It’s pointless saying you can process more transactions per second than VISA when it takes 60 seconds for a transaction to complete. Low latency also greatly increases general usability and customer satisfaction, nowadays everyone expects card payments, online payments to happen instantly. Avalanche achieves the best results scoring ✅✅✅, Cosmos with comes in second with 6 second finality ✅✅ and Polkadot with 60 second finality (which may be 60 minutes for external blockchains) scores ✅
https://preview.redd.it/kzup5x42wpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=320eb4c25dc4fc0f443a7a2f7ff09567871648cd

Shared Security

Cosmos

Every Zone and Hub in Cosmos has their own validator set and different trust assumptions. Cosmos are researching a shared security model where a Hub can validate the state of connected zones for a fee but not released yet. Once available this will make shared security optional rather than mandatory.

Polkadot

Shared Security is mandatory with Polkadot which uses a Shared State infrastructure between the Relay Chain and all of the connected parachains. If the Relay Chain must revert for any reason, then all of the parachains would also revert. Every parachain makes the same trust assumptions, and as such the relay chain validates state transition and enables seamless interoperability between them. In return for this benefit, they have to purchase DOT and win an auction for one of the available parachain slots.
However, parachains can’t just rely on the relay chain for their security, they will also need to implement censorship resistance measures and utilise proof of work / proof of stake for each parachain as well as discussed in part three, thus parachains can’t just rely on the security of the relay chain, they need to ensure sybil resistance mechanisms using POW and POS are implemented on the parachain as well.

Avalanche

A subnet in Avalanche consists of a dynamic set of validators working together to achieve consensus on the state of a set of many blockchains where complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance. So unlike in Cosmos where each zone / hub has their own validators, A subnet can validate a single or many virtual machines / blockchains with a single validator set. Shared security is optional

Results

Shared security is mandatory in polkadot and a key design decision in its infrastructure. The relay chain validates the state transition of all connected parachains and thus scores ✅✅✅. Subnets in Avalanche can validate state of either a single or many virtual machines. Each subnet can have their own token and shares a validator set, where complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance. It scores ✅ ✅. Every Zone and Hub in cosmos has their own validator set / token but research is underway to have the hub validate the state transition of connected zones, but as this is still early in the research phase scores ✅ for now.
https://preview.redd.it/pbgyk3o3wpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=61c18e12932a250f5633c40633810d0f64520575

Current Adoption

Cosmos

The Cosmos project started in 2016 with an ICO held in April 2017. There are currently around 50 projects building on the Cosmos SDK with a full list can be seen here and filtering for Cosmos SDK . Not all of the projects will necessarily connect using native cosmos sdk and IBC and some have forked parts of the Cosmos SDK and utilise the tendermint consensus such as Binance Chain but have said they will connect in the future.

Polkadot

The Polkadot project started in 2016 with an ICO held in October 2017. There are currently around 70 projects building on Substrate and a full list can be seen here and filtering for Substrate Based. Like with Cosmos not all projects built using substrate will necessarily connect to Polkadot and parachains or parathreads aren’t currently implemented in either the Live or Test network (Kusama) as of the time of this writing.

Avalanche

Avalanche in comparison started much later with Ava Labs being founded in 2018. Avalanche held it’s ICO in July 2020. Due to lot shorter time it has been in development, the number of projects confirmed are smaller with around 14 projects currently building on Avalanche. Due to the customisability of the platform though, many virtual machines can be used within a subnet making the process incredibly easy to port projects over. As an example, it will launch with the Ethereum Virtual Machine which enables byte for byte compatibility and all the tooling like Metamask, Truffle etc. will work, so projects can easily move over to benefit from the performance, decentralisation and low gas fees offered. In the future Cosmos and Substrate virtual machines could be implemented on Avalanche.

Results

Whilst it’s still early for all 3 projects (and the entire blockchain space as a whole), there is currently more projects confirmed to be building on Cosmos and Polkadot, mostly due to their longer time in development. Whilst Cosmos has fewer projects, zones are implemented compared to Polkadot which doesn’t currently have parachains. IBC to connect zones and hubs together is due to launch Q2 2021, thus both score ✅✅✅. Avalanche has been in development for a lot shorter time period, but is launching with an impressive feature set right from the start with ability to create subnets, VMs, assets, NFTs, permissioned and permissionless blockchains, cross chain atomic swaps within a subnet, smart contracts, bridge to Ethereum etc. Applications can easily port over from other platforms and use all the existing tooling such as Metamask / Truffle etc but benefit from the performance, decentralisation and low gas fees offered. Currently though just based on the number of projects in comparison it scores ✅.
https://preview.redd.it/4zpi6s85wpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=e91ade1a86a5d50f4976f3b23a46e9287b08e373

Enterprise Adoption

Cosmos

Cosmos enables permissioned and permissionless zones which can connect to each other with the ability to have full control over who validates the blockchain. For permissionless zones each zone / hub can have their own token and they are in control who validates.

Polkadot

With polkadot the state transition is performed by a small randomly selected assigned group of validators from the relay chain plus with the possibility that state is rolled back if an invalid transaction of any of the other parachains is found. This may pose a problem for enterprises that need complete control over who performs validation for regulatory reasons. In addition due to the limited number of parachain slots available Enterprises would have to acquire and lock up large amounts of a highly volatile asset (DOT) and have the possibility that they are outbid in future auctions and find they no longer can have their parachain validated and parathreads don’t provide the guaranteed performance requirements for the application to function.

Avalanche

Avalanche enables permissioned and permissionless subnets and complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance. For example a subnet can be created where its mandatory that all validators are from a certain legal jurisdiction, or they hold a specific license and regulated by the SEC etc. Subnets are also able to scale to tens of thousands of validators, and even potentially millions of nodes, all participating in consensus so every enterprise can run their own node rather than only a small amount. Enterprises don’t have to hold large amounts of a highly volatile asset, but instead pay a fee in AVAX for the creation of the subnets and blockchains which is burnt.

Results

Avalanche provides the customisability to run private permissioned blockchains as well as permissionless where the enterprise is in control over who validates the blockchain, with the ability to use complex rulesets to meet regulatory compliance, thus scores ✅✅✅. Cosmos is also able to run permissioned and permissionless zones / hubs so enterprises have full control over who validates a blockchain and scores ✅✅. Polkadot requires locking up large amounts of a highly volatile asset with the possibility of being outbid by competitors and being unable to run the application if the guaranteed performance is required and having to migrate away. The relay chain validates the state transition and can roll back the parachain should an invalid block be detected on another parachain, thus scores ✅.
https://preview.redd.it/li5jy6u6wpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=e2a95f1f88e5efbcf9e23c789ae0f002c8eb73fc

Interoperability

Cosmos

Cosmos will connect Hubs and Zones together through its IBC protocol (due to release in Q1 2020). Connecting to blockchains outside of the Cosmos ecosystem would either require the connected blockchain to fork their code to implement IBC or more likely a custom “Peg Zone” will be created specific to work with a particular blockchain it’s trying to bridge to such as Ethereum etc. Each Zone and Hub has different trust levels and connectivity between 2 zones can have different trust depending on which path it takes (this is discussed more in this article). Finality time is low at 6 seconds, but depending on the number of hops, this can increase significantly.

Polkadot

Polkadot’s shared state means each parachain that connects shares the same trust assumptions, of the relay chain validators and that if one blockchain needs to be reverted, all of them will need to be reverted. Interoperability is enabled between parachains through Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) protocol and is also possible to connect to other systems through bridges, which are specifically designed parachains or parathreads that each are custom made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. Finality time between parachains is around 60 seconds, but longer will be needed (initial figures of 60 minutes in the whitepaper) for connecting to external blockchains. Thus limiting the appeal of connecting two external ecosystems together through Polkadot. Polkadot is also limited in the number of Parachain slots available, thus limiting the amount of blockchains that can be bridged. Parathreads could be used for lower performance bridges, but the speed of future blockchains is only going to increase.

Avalanche

A subnet can validate multiple virtual machines / blockchains and all blockchains within a subnet share the same trust assumptions / validator set, enabling cross chain interoperability. Interoperability is also possible between any other subnet, with the hope Avalanche will consist of thousands of subnets. Each subnet may have a different trust level, but as the primary network consists of all validators then this can be used as a source of trust if required. As Avalanche supports many virtual machines, bridges to other ecosystems are created by running the connected virtual machine. There will be an Ethereum bridge using the EVM shortly after mainnet. Finality time is much faster at sub 3 seconds (with most happening under 1 second) with no chance of rolling back so more appealing when connecting to external blockchains.

Results

All 3 systems are able to perform interoperability within their ecosystem and transfer assets as well as data, as well as use bridges to connect to external blockchains. Cosmos has different trust levels between its zones and hubs and can create issues depending on which path it takes and additional latency added. Polkadot provides the same trust assumptions for all connected parachains but has long finality and limited number of parachain slots available. Avalanche provides the same trust assumptions for all blockchains within a subnet, and different trust levels between subnets. However due to the primary network consisting of all validators it can be used for trust. Avalanche also has a much faster finality time with no limitation on the number of blockchains / subnets / bridges that can be created. Overall all three blockchains excel with interoperability within their ecosystem and each score ✅✅.
https://preview.redd.it/ai0bkbq8wpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=3e85ee6a3c4670f388ccea00b0c906c3fb51e415

Tokenomics

Cosmos

The ATOM token is the native token for the Cosmos Hub. It is commonly mistaken by people that think it’s the token used throughout the cosmos ecosystem, whereas it’s just used for one of many hubs in Cosmos, each with their own token. Currently ATOM has little utility as IBC isn’t released and has no connections to other zones / hubs. Once IBC is released zones may prefer to connect to a different hub instead and so ATOM is not used. ATOM isn’t a fixed capped supply token and supply will continuously increase with a yearly inflation of around 10% depending on the % staked. The current market cap for ATOM as of the time of this writing is $1 Billion with 203 million circulating supply. Rewards can be earnt through staking to offset the dilution caused by inflation. Delegators can also get slashed and lose a portion of their ATOM should the validator misbehave.

Polkadot

Polkadot’s native token is DOT and it’s used to secure the Relay Chain. Each parachain needs to acquire sufficient DOT to win an auction on an available parachain lease period of up to 24 months at a time. Parathreads have a fixed fee for registration that would realistically be much lower than the cost of acquiring a parachain slot and compete with other parathreads in a per-block auction to have their transactions included in the next relay chain block. DOT isn’t a fixed capped supply token and supply will continuously increase with a yearly inflation of around 10% depending on the % staked. The current market cap for DOT as of the time of this writing is $4.4 Billion with 852 million circulating supply. Delegators can also get slashed and lose their DOT (potentially 100% of their DOT for serious attacks) should the validator misbehave.

Avalanche

AVAX is the native token for the primary network in Avalanche. Every validator of any subnet also has to validate the primary network and stake a minimum of 2000 AVAX. There is no limit to the number of validators like other consensus methods then this can cater for tens of thousands even potentially millions of validators. As every validator validates the primary network, this can be a source of trust for interoperability between subnets as well as connecting to other ecosystems, thus increasing amount of transaction fees of AVAX. There is no slashing in Avalanche, so there is no risk to lose your AVAX when selecting a validator, instead rewards earnt for staking can be slashed should the validator misbehave. Because Avalanche doesn’t have direct slashing, it is technically possible for someone to both stake AND deliver tokens for something like a flash loan, under the invariant that all tokens that are staked are returned, thus being able to make profit with staked tokens outside of staking itself.
There will also be a separate subnet for Athereum which is a ‘spoon,’ or friendly fork, of Ethereum, which benefits from the Avalanche consensus protocol and applications in the Ethereum ecosystem. It’s native token ATH will be airdropped to ETH holders as well as potentially AVAX holders as well. This can be done for other blockchains as well.
Transaction fees on the primary network for all 3 of the blockchains as well as subscription fees for creating a subnet and blockchain are paid in AVAX and are burnt, creating deflationary pressure. AVAX is a fixed capped supply of 720 million tokens, creating scarcity rather than an unlimited supply which continuously increase of tokens at a compounded rate each year like others. Initially there will be 360 tokens minted at Mainnet with vesting periods between 1 and 10 years, with tokens gradually unlocking each quarter. The Circulating supply is 24.5 million AVAX with tokens gradually released each quater. The current market cap of AVAX is around $100 million.

Results

Avalanche’s AVAX with its fixed capped supply, deflationary pressure, very strong utility, potential to receive air drops and low market cap, means it scores ✅✅✅. Polkadot’s DOT also has very strong utility with the need for auctions to acquire parachain slots, but has no deflationary mechanisms, no fixed capped supply and already valued at $3.8 billion, therefore scores ✅✅. Cosmos’s ATOM token is only for the Cosmos Hub, of which there will be many hubs in the ecosystem and has very little utility currently. (this may improve once IBC is released and if Cosmos hub actually becomes the hub that people want to connect to and not something like Binance instead. There is no fixed capped supply and currently valued at $1.1 Billion, so scores ✅.
https://preview.redd.it/mels7myawpq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=df9782e2c0a4c26b61e462746256bdf83b1fb906
All three are excellent projects and have similarities as well as many differences. Just to reiterate this article is not intended to be an extensive in-depth list, but rather an overview based on some of the criteria that I feel are most important. For a more in-depth view I recommend reading the articles for each of the projects linked above and coming to your own conclusions, you may have different criteria which is important to you, and score them differently. There won’t be one platform to rule them all however, with some uses cases better suited to one platform over another, and it’s not a zero-sum game. Blockchain is going to completely revolutionize industries and the Internet itself. The more projects researching and delivering breakthrough technology the better, each learning from each other and pushing each other to reach that goal earlier. The current market is a tiny speck of what’s in store in terms of value and adoption and it’s going to be exciting to watch it unfold.
https://preview.redd.it/dbb99egcwpq51.png?width=1388&format=png&auto=webp&s=aeb03127dc0dc74d0507328e899db1c7d7fc2879
For more information see the articles below (each with additional sources at the bottom of their articles)
Avalanche, a Revolutionary Consensus Engine and Platform. A Game Changer for Blockchain
Avalanche Consensus, The Biggest Breakthrough since Nakamoto
Cosmos — An Early In-Depth Analysis — Part One
Cosmos — An Early In-Depth Analysis — Part Two
Cosmos Hub ATOM Token and the commonly misunderstood staking tokens — Part Three
Polkadot — An Early In-Depth Analysis — Part One — Overview and Benefits
Polkadot — An Early In-Depth Analysis — Part Two — How Consensus Works
Polkadot — An Early In-Depth Analysis — Part Three — Limitations and Issues
submitted by xSeq22x to CryptoCurrency [link] [comments]

[ CryptoCurrency ] Comparison between Avalanche, Cosmos and Polkadot

[ 🔴 DELETED 🔴 ] Topic originally posted in CryptoCurrency by xSeq22x [link]
A frequent question I see being asked is how Cosmos, Polkadot and Avalanche compare? Whilst there are similarities there are also a lot of differences. This article is not intended to be an extensive in-depth list, but rather an overview based on some of the criteria that I feel are most important.
For better formatting see https://medium.com/ava-hub/comparison-between-avalanche-cosmos-and-polkadot-a2a98f46c03b
https://preview.redd.it/lg16iwk2dhq51.png?width=428&format=png&auto=webp&s=6c899ee69800dd6c5e2900d8fa83de7a43c57086

Overview

Cosmos

Cosmos is a heterogeneous network of many independent parallel blockchains, each powered by classical BFT consensus algorithms like Tendermint. Developers can easily build custom application specific blockchains, called Zones, through the Cosmos SDK framework. These Zones connect to Hubs, which are specifically designed to connect zones together.
The vision of Cosmos is to have thousands of Zones and Hubs that are Interoperable through the Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC). Cosmos can also connect to other systems through peg zones, which are specifically designed zones that each are custom made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. Cosmos does not use Sharding with each Zone and Hub being sovereign with their own validator set.
For a more in-depth look at Cosmos and provide more reference to points made in this article, please see my three part series — Part One, Part Two, Part Three
https://youtu.be/Eb8xkDi_PUg

Polkadot

Polkadot is a heterogeneous blockchain protocol that connects multiple specialised blockchains into one unified network. It achieves scalability through a sharding infrastructure with multiple blockchains running in parallel, called parachains, that connect to a central chain called the Relay Chain. Developers can easily build custom application specific parachains through the Substrate development framework.
The relay chain validates the state transition of connected parachains, providing shared state across the entire ecosystem. If the Relay Chain must revert for any reason, then all of the parachains would also revert. This is to ensure that the validity of the entire system can persist, and no individual part is corruptible. The shared state makes it so that the trust assumptions when using parachains are only those of the Relay Chain validator set, and no other. Interoperability is enabled between parachains through Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) protocol and is also possible to connect to other systems through bridges, which are specifically designed parachains or parathreads that each are custom made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. The hope is to have 100 parachains connect to the relay chain.
For a more in-depth look at Polkadot and provide more reference to points made in this article, please see my three part series — Part One, Part Two, Part Three
https://youtu.be/_-k0xkooSlA

Avalanche

Avalanche is a platform of platforms, ultimately consisting of thousands of subnets to form a heterogeneous interoperable network of many blockchains, that takes advantage of the revolutionary Avalanche Consensus protocols to provide a secure, globally distributed, interoperable and trustless framework offering unprecedented decentralisation whilst being able to comply with regulatory requirements.
Avalanche allows anyone to create their own tailor-made application specific blockchains, supporting multiple custom virtual machines such as EVM and WASM and written in popular languages like Go (with others coming in the future) rather than lightly used, poorly-understood languages like Solidity. This virtual machine can then be deployed on a custom blockchain network, called a subnet, which consist of a dynamic set of validators working together to achieve consensus on the state of a set of many blockchains where complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance.
Avalanche was built with serving financial markets in mind. It has native support for easily creating and trading digital smart assets with complex custom rule sets that define how the asset is handled and traded to ensure regulatory compliance can be met. Interoperability is enabled between blockchains within a subnet as well as between subnets. Like Cosmos and Polkadot, Avalanche is also able to connect to other systems through bridges, through custom virtual machines made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin.
For a more in-depth look at Avalanche and provide more reference to points made in this article, please see here and here
https://youtu.be/mWBzFmzzBAg

Comparison between Cosmos, Polkadot and Avalanche

A frequent question I see being asked is how Cosmos, Polkadot and Avalanche compare? Whilst there are similarities there are also a lot of differences. This article is not intended to be an extensive in-depth list, but rather an overview based on some of the criteria that I feel are most important. For a more in-depth view I recommend reading the articles for each of the projects linked above and coming to your own conclusions. I want to stress that it’s not a case of one platform being the killer of all other platforms, far from it. There won’t be one platform to rule them all, and too often the tribalism has plagued this space. Blockchains are going to completely revolutionise most industries and have a profound effect on the world we know today. It’s still very early in this space with most adoption limited to speculation and trading mainly due to the limitations of Blockchain and current iteration of Ethereum, which all three of these platforms hope to address. For those who just want a quick summary see the image at the bottom of the article. With that said let’s have a look

Scalability

Cosmos

Each Zone and Hub in Cosmos is capable of up to around 1000 transactions per second with bandwidth being the bottleneck in consensus. Cosmos aims to have thousands of Zones and Hubs all connected through IBC. There is no limit on the number of Zones / Hubs that can be created

Polkadot

Parachains in Polkadot are also capable of up to around 1500 transactions per second. A portion of the parachain slots on the Relay Chain will be designated as part of the parathread pool, the performance of a parachain is split between many parathreads offering lower performance and compete amongst themselves in a per-block auction to have their transactions included in the next relay chain block. The number of parachains is limited by the number of validators on the relay chain, they hope to be able to achieve 100 parachains.

Avalanche

Avalanche is capable of around 4500 transactions per second per subnet, this is based on modest hardware requirements to ensure maximum decentralisation of just 2 CPU cores and 4 GB of Memory and with a validator size of over 2,000 nodes. Performance is CPU-bound and if higher performance is required then more specialised subnets can be created with higher minimum requirements to be able to achieve 10,000 tps+ in a subnet. Avalanche aims to have thousands of subnets (each with multiple virtual machines / blockchains) all interoperable with each other. There is no limit on the number of Subnets that can be created.

Results

All three platforms offer vastly superior performance to the likes of Bitcoin and Ethereum 1.0. Avalanche with its higher transactions per second, no limit on the number of subnets / blockchains that can be created and the consensus can scale to potentially millions of validators all participating in consensus scores ✅✅✅. Polkadot claims to offer more tps than cosmos, but is limited to the number of parachains (around 100) whereas with Cosmos there is no limit on the number of hubs / zones that can be created. Cosmos is limited to a fairly small validator size of around 200 before performance degrades whereas Polkadot hopes to be able to reach 1000 validators in the relay chain (albeit only a small number of validators are assigned to each parachain). Thus Cosmos and Polkadot scores ✅✅
https://preview.redd.it/ththwq5qdhq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=92f75152c90d984911db88ed174ebf3a147ca70d

Decentralisation

Cosmos

Tendermint consensus is limited to around 200 validators before performance starts to degrade. Whilst there is the Cosmos Hub it is one of many hubs in the network and there is no central hub or limit on the number of zones / hubs that can be created.

Polkadot

Polkadot has 1000 validators in the relay chain and these are split up into a small number that validate each parachain (minimum of 14). The relay chain is a central point of failure as all parachains connect to it and the number of parachains is limited depending on the number of validators (they hope to achieve 100 parachains). Due to the limited number of parachain slots available, significant sums of DOT will need to be purchased to win an auction to lease the slot for up to 24 months at a time. Thus likely to lead to only those with enough funds to secure a parachain slot. Parathreads are however an alternative for those that require less and more varied performance for those that can’t secure a parachain slot.

Avalanche

Avalanche consensus scan scale to tens of thousands of validators, even potentially millions of validators all participating in consensus through repeated sub-sampling. The more validators, the faster the network becomes as the load is split between them. There are modest hardware requirements so anyone can run a node and there is no limit on the number of subnets / virtual machines that can be created.

Results

Avalanche offers unparalleled decentralisation using its revolutionary consensus protocols that can scale to millions of validators all participating in consensus at the same time. There is no limit to the number of subnets and virtual machines that can be created, and they can be created by anyone for a small fee, it scores ✅✅✅. Cosmos is limited to 200 validators but no limit on the number of zones / hubs that can be created, which anyone can create and scores ✅✅. Polkadot hopes to accommodate 1000 validators in the relay chain (albeit these are split amongst each of the parachains). The number of parachains is limited and maybe cost prohibitive for many and the relay chain is a ultimately a single point of failure. Whilst definitely not saying it’s centralised and it is more decentralised than many others, just in comparison between the three, it scores ✅
https://preview.redd.it/lv2h7g9sdhq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=56eada6e8c72dbb4406d7c5377ad15608bcc730e

Latency

Cosmos

Tendermint consensus used in Cosmos reaches finality within 6 seconds. Cosmos consists of many Zones and Hubs that connect to each other. Communication between 2 zones could pass through many hubs along the way, thus also can contribute to latency times depending on the path taken as explained in part two of the articles on Cosmos. It doesn’t need to wait for an extended period of time with risk of rollbacks.

Polkadot

Polkadot provides a Hybrid consensus protocol consisting of Block producing protocol, BABE, and then a finality gadget called GRANDPA that works to agree on a chain, out of many possible forks, by following some simpler fork choice rule. Rather than voting on every block, instead it reaches agreements on chains. As soon as more than 2/3 of validators attest to a chain containing a certain block, all blocks leading up to that one are finalized at once.
If an invalid block is detected after it has been finalised then the relay chain would need to be reverted along with every parachain. This is particularly important when connecting to external blockchains as those don’t share the state of the relay chain and thus can’t be rolled back. The longer the time period, the more secure the network is, as there is more time for additional checks to be performed and reported but at the expense of finality. Finality is reached within 60 seconds between parachains but for external ecosystems like Ethereum their state obviously can’t be rolled back like a parachain and so finality will need to be much longer (60 minutes was suggested in the whitepaper) and discussed in more detail in part three

Avalanche

Avalanche consensus achieves finality within 3 seconds, with most happening sub 1 second, immutable and completely irreversible. Any subnet can connect directly to another without having to go through multiple hops and any VM can talk to another VM within the same subnet as well as external subnets. It doesn’t need to wait for an extended period of time with risk of rollbacks.

Results

With regards to performance far too much emphasis is just put on tps as a metric, the other equally important metric, if not more important with regards to finance is latency. Throughput measures the amount of data at any given time that it can handle whereas latency is the amount of time it takes to perform an action. It’s pointless saying you can process more transactions per second than VISA when it takes 60 seconds for a transaction to complete. Low latency also greatly increases general usability and customer satisfaction, nowadays everyone expects card payments, online payments to happen instantly. Avalanche achieves the best results scoring ✅✅✅, Cosmos with comes in second with 6 second finality ✅✅ and Polkadot with 60 second finality (which may be 60 minutes for external blockchains) scores ✅
https://preview.redd.it/qe8e5ltudhq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=18a2866104590f81a818690337f9121161dda890

Shared Security

Cosmos

Every Zone and Hub in Cosmos has their own validator set and different trust assumptions. Cosmos are researching a shared security model where a Hub can validate the state of connected zones for a fee but not released yet. Once available this will make shared security optional rather than mandatory.

Polkadot

Shared Security is mandatory with Polkadot which uses a Shared State infrastructure between the Relay Chain and all of the connected parachains. If the Relay Chain must revert for any reason, then all of the parachains would also revert. Every parachain makes the same trust assumptions, and as such the relay chain validates state transition and enables seamless interoperability between them. In return for this benefit, they have to purchase DOT and win an auction for one of the available parachain slots.
However, parachains can’t just rely on the relay chain for their security, they will also need to implement censorship resistance measures and utilise proof of work / proof of stake for each parachain as well as discussed in part three, thus parachains can’t just rely on the security of the relay chain, they need to ensure sybil resistance mechanisms using POW and POS are implemented on the parachain as well.

Avalanche

A subnet in Avalanche consists of a dynamic set of validators working together to achieve consensus on the state of a set of many blockchains where complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance. So unlike in Cosmos where each zone / hub has their own validators, A subnet can validate a single or many virtual machines / blockchains with a single validator set. Shared security is optional

Results

Shared security is mandatory in polkadot and a key design decision in its infrastructure. The relay chain validates the state transition of all connected parachains and thus scores ✅✅✅. Subnets in Avalanche can validate state of either a single or many virtual machines. Each subnet can have their own token and shares a validator set, where complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance. It scores ✅ ✅. Every Zone and Hub in cosmos has their own validator set / token but research is underway to have the hub validate the state transition of connected zones, but as this is still early in the research phase scores ✅ for now.
https://preview.redd.it/0mnvpnzwdhq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=8927ff2821415817265be75c59261f83851a2791

Current Adoption

Cosmos

The Cosmos project started in 2016 with an ICO held in April 2017. There are currently around 50 projects building on the Cosmos SDK with a full list can be seen here and filtering for Cosmos SDK . Not all of the projects will necessarily connect using native cosmos sdk and IBC and some have forked parts of the Cosmos SDK and utilise the tendermint consensus such as Binance Chain but have said they will connect in the future.

Polkadot

The Polkadot project started in 2016 with an ICO held in October 2017. There are currently around 70 projects building on Substrate and a full list can be seen here and filtering for Substrate Based. Like with Cosmos not all projects built using substrate will necessarily connect to Polkadot and parachains or parathreads aren’t currently implemented in either the Live or Test network (Kusama) as of the time of this writing.

Avalanche

Avalanche in comparison started much later with Ava Labs being founded in 2018. Avalanche held it’s ICO in July 2020. Due to lot shorter time it has been in development, the number of projects confirmed are smaller with around 14 projects currently building on Avalanche. Due to the customisability of the platform though, many virtual machines can be used within a subnet making the process incredibly easy to port projects over. As an example, it will launch with the Ethereum Virtual Machine which enables byte for byte compatibility and all the tooling like Metamask, Truffle etc. will work, so projects can easily move over to benefit from the performance, decentralisation and low gas fees offered. In the future Cosmos and Substrate virtual machines could be implemented on Avalanche.

Results

Whilst it’s still early for all 3 projects (and the entire blockchain space as a whole), there is currently more projects confirmed to be building on Cosmos and Polkadot, mostly due to their longer time in development. Whilst Cosmos has fewer projects, zones are implemented compared to Polkadot which doesn’t currently have parachains. IBC to connect zones and hubs together is due to launch Q2 2021, thus both score ✅✅✅. Avalanche has been in development for a lot shorter time period, but is launching with an impressive feature set right from the start with ability to create subnets, VMs, assets, NFTs, permissioned and permissionless blockchains, cross chain atomic swaps within a subnet, smart contracts, bridge to Ethereum etc. Applications can easily port over from other platforms and use all the existing tooling such as Metamask / Truffle etc but benefit from the performance, decentralisation and low gas fees offered. Currently though just based on the number of projects in comparison it scores ✅.
https://preview.redd.it/rsctxi6zdhq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=ff762dea3cfc2aaaa3c8fc7b1070d5be6759aac2

Enterprise Adoption

Cosmos

Cosmos enables permissioned and permissionless zones which can connect to each other with the ability to have full control over who validates the blockchain. For permissionless zones each zone / hub can have their own token and they are in control who validates.

Polkadot

With polkadot the state transition is performed by a small randomly selected assigned group of validators from the relay chain plus with the possibility that state is rolled back if an invalid transaction of any of the other parachains is found. This may pose a problem for enterprises that need complete control over who performs validation for regulatory reasons. In addition due to the limited number of parachain slots available Enterprises would have to acquire and lock up large amounts of a highly volatile asset (DOT) and have the possibility that they are outbid in future auctions and find they no longer can have their parachain validated and parathreads don’t provide the guaranteed performance requirements for the application to function.

Avalanche

Avalanche enables permissioned and permissionless subnets and complex rulesets can be configured to meet regulatory compliance. For example a subnet can be created where its mandatory that all validators are from a certain legal jurisdiction, or they hold a specific license and regulated by the SEC etc. Subnets are also able to scale to tens of thousands of validators, and even potentially millions of nodes, all participating in consensus so every enterprise can run their own node rather than only a small amount. Enterprises don’t have to hold large amounts of a highly volatile asset, but instead pay a fee in AVAX for the creation of the subnets and blockchains which is burnt.

Results

Avalanche provides the customisability to run private permissioned blockchains as well as permissionless where the enterprise is in control over who validates the blockchain, with the ability to use complex rulesets to meet regulatory compliance, thus scores ✅✅✅. Cosmos is also able to run permissioned and permissionless zones / hubs so enterprises have full control over who validates a blockchain and scores ✅✅. Polkadot requires locking up large amounts of a highly volatile asset with the possibility of being outbid by competitors and being unable to run the application if the guaranteed performance is required and having to migrate away. The relay chain validates the state transition and can roll back the parachain should an invalid block be detected on another parachain, thus scores ✅.
https://preview.redd.it/7phaylb1ehq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=d86d2ec49de456403edbaf27009ed0e25609fbff

Interoperability

Cosmos

Cosmos will connect Hubs and Zones together through its IBC protocol (due to release in Q1 2020). Connecting to blockchains outside of the Cosmos ecosystem would either require the connected blockchain to fork their code to implement IBC or more likely a custom “Peg Zone” will be created specific to work with a particular blockchain it’s trying to bridge to such as Ethereum etc. Each Zone and Hub has different trust levels and connectivity between 2 zones can have different trust depending on which path it takes (this is discussed more in this article). Finality time is low at 6 seconds, but depending on the number of hops, this can increase significantly.

Polkadot

Polkadot’s shared state means each parachain that connects shares the same trust assumptions, of the relay chain validators and that if one blockchain needs to be reverted, all of them will need to be reverted. Interoperability is enabled between parachains through Cross-Chain Message Passing (XCMP) protocol and is also possible to connect to other systems through bridges, which are specifically designed parachains or parathreads that each are custom made to interact with another ecosystem such as Ethereum and Bitcoin. Finality time between parachains is around 60 seconds, but longer will be needed (initial figures of 60 minutes in the whitepaper) for connecting to external blockchains. Thus limiting the appeal of connecting two external ecosystems together through Polkadot. Polkadot is also limited in the number of Parachain slots available, thus limiting the amount of blockchains that can be bridged. Parathreads could be used for lower performance bridges, but the speed of future blockchains is only going to increase.

Avalanche

A subnet can validate multiple virtual machines / blockchains and all blockchains within a subnet share the same trust assumptions / validator set, enabling cross chain interoperability. Interoperability is also possible between any other subnet, with the hope Avalanche will consist of thousands of subnets. Each subnet may have a different trust level, but as the primary network consists of all validators then this can be used as a source of trust if required. As Avalanche supports many virtual machines, bridges to other ecosystems are created by running the connected virtual machine. There will be an Ethereum bridge using the EVM shortly after mainnet. Finality time is much faster at sub 3 seconds (with most happening under 1 second) with no chance of rolling back so more appealing when connecting to external blockchains.

Results

All 3 systems are able to perform interoperability within their ecosystem and transfer assets as well as data, as well as use bridges to connect to external blockchains. Cosmos has different trust levels between its zones and hubs and can create issues depending on which path it takes and additional latency added. Polkadot provides the same trust assumptions for all connected parachains but has long finality and limited number of parachain slots available. Avalanche provides the same trust assumptions for all blockchains within a subnet, and different trust levels between subnets. However due to the primary network consisting of all validators it can be used for trust. Avalanche also has a much faster finality time with no limitation on the number of blockchains / subnets / bridges that can be created. Overall all three blockchains excel with interoperability within their ecosystem and each score ✅✅.
https://preview.redd.it/l775gue3ehq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=b7c4b5802ceb1a9307bd2a8d65f393d1bcb0d7c6

Tokenomics

Cosmos

The ATOM token is the native token for the Cosmos Hub. It is commonly mistaken by people that think it’s the token used throughout the cosmos ecosystem, whereas it’s just used for one of many hubs in Cosmos, each with their own token. Currently ATOM has little utility as IBC isn’t released and has no connections to other zones / hubs. Once IBC is released zones may prefer to connect to a different hub instead and so ATOM is not used. ATOM isn’t a fixed capped supply token and supply will continuously increase with a yearly inflation of around 10% depending on the % staked. The current market cap for ATOM as of the time of this writing is $1 Billion with 203 million circulating supply. Rewards can be earnt through staking to offset the dilution caused by inflation. Delegators can also get slashed and lose a portion of their ATOM should the validator misbehave.

Polkadot

Polkadot’s native token is DOT and it’s used to secure the Relay Chain. Each parachain needs to acquire sufficient DOT to win an auction on an available parachain lease period of up to 24 months at a time. Parathreads have a fixed fee for registration that would realistically be much lower than the cost of acquiring a parachain slot and compete with other parathreads in a per-block auction to have their transactions included in the next relay chain block. DOT isn’t a fixed capped supply token and supply will continuously increase with a yearly inflation of around 10% depending on the % staked. The current market cap for DOT as of the time of this writing is $4.4 Billion with 852 million circulating supply. Delegators can also get slashed and lose their DOT (potentially 100% of their DOT for serious attacks) should the validator misbehave.

Avalanche

AVAX is the native token for the primary network in Avalanche. Every validator of any subnet also has to validate the primary network and stake a minimum of 2000 AVAX. There is no limit to the number of validators like other consensus methods then this can cater for tens of thousands even potentially millions of validators. As every validator validates the primary network, this can be a source of trust for interoperability between subnets as well as connecting to other ecosystems, thus increasing amount of transaction fees of AVAX. There is no slashing in Avalanche, so there is no risk to lose your AVAX when selecting a validator, instead rewards earnt for staking can be slashed should the validator misbehave. Because Avalanche doesn’t have direct slashing, it is technically possible for someone to both stake AND deliver tokens for something like a flash loan, under the invariant that all tokens that are staked are returned, thus being able to make profit with staked tokens outside of staking itself.
There will also be a separate subnet for Athereum which is a ‘spoon,’ or friendly fork, of Ethereum, which benefits from the Avalanche consensus protocol and applications in the Ethereum ecosystem. It’s native token ATH will be airdropped to ETH holders as well as potentially AVAX holders as well. This can be done for other blockchains as well.
Transaction fees on the primary network for all 3 of the blockchains as well as subscription fees for creating a subnet and blockchain are paid in AVAX and are burnt, creating deflationary pressure. AVAX is a fixed capped supply of 720 million tokens, creating scarcity rather than an unlimited supply which continuously increase of tokens at a compounded rate each year like others. Initially there will be 360 tokens minted at Mainnet with vesting periods between 1 and 10 years, with tokens gradually unlocking each quarter. The Circulating supply is 24.5 million AVAX with tokens gradually released each quater. The current market cap of AVAX is around $100 million.

Results

Avalanche’s AVAX with its fixed capped supply, deflationary pressure, very strong utility, potential to receive air drops and low market cap, means it scores ✅✅✅. Polkadot’s DOT also has very strong utility with the need for auctions to acquire parachain slots, but has no deflationary mechanisms, no fixed capped supply and already valued at $3.8 billion, therefore scores ✅✅. Cosmos’s ATOM token is only for the Cosmos Hub, of which there will be many hubs in the ecosystem and has very little utility currently. (this may improve once IBC is released and if Cosmos hub actually becomes the hub that people want to connect to and not something like Binance instead. There is no fixed capped supply and currently valued at $1.1 Billion, so scores ✅.
https://preview.redd.it/zb72eto5ehq51.png?width=1000&format=png&auto=webp&s=0ee102a2881d763296ad9ffba20667f531d2fd7a
All three are excellent projects and have similarities as well as many differences. Just to reiterate this article is not intended to be an extensive in-depth list, but rather an overview based on some of the criteria that I feel are most important. For a more in-depth view I recommend reading the articles for each of the projects linked above and coming to your own conclusions, you may have different criteria which is important to you, and score them differently. There won’t be one platform to rule them all however, with some uses cases better suited to one platform over another, and it’s not a zero-sum game. Blockchain is going to completely revolutionize industries and the Internet itself. The more projects researching and delivering breakthrough technology the better, each learning from each other and pushing each other to reach that goal earlier. The current market is a tiny speck of what’s in store in terms of value and adoption and it’s going to be exciting to watch it unfold.
https://preview.redd.it/fwi3clz7ehq51.png?width=1388&format=png&auto=webp&s=c91c1645a4c67defd5fc3aaec84f4a765e1c50b6
xSeq22x your post has been copied because one or more comments in this topic have been removed. This copy will preserve unmoderated topic. If you would like to opt-out, please send a message using [this link].
submitted by anticensor_bot to u/anticensor_bot [link] [comments]

Where's My Money? Deposits And Withdrawals At Blockfi, Celsius, Crypto.Com And Nexo Compared

Does your crypto show up in your account? And can you get it back? Looking through 100+ complaints about deposits and withdrawals, the insights are obvious but good to know...
- They require additional information like tags (XRP, XLM)
- Had major software changes (BCH, BNB, DAI / MCD, ADA)
So if you're going to move one of these coins, make sure to not forget the extra information or wait a few weeks after the change (to give these companies time to get caught up).
Raw data is below, organized by company and whether it seems the complaint was resolved. Some important notes to consider
  1. Posts about waiting a few hours for a transaction to complete were not counted. Many times (most of the time?) when it takes more than 20 minutes, nothing is broken. E.g. High gas fees on the ethereum network will mean slower processing times for stable coins and other ERC-20 tokens. Less popular tokens, like GUSD, might require people manually going into cold storage. Large (> $30,000 USD) transactions require additional verification. If it takes > 8 hours then yes something is not right. And you should email support and start posting. Otherwise sit tight.
  2. Comments from different people on the same post saying they have the same problem were not counted for "scores". Most of these comments don't add useful information and make it harder to collect the data.
  3. Posts about fiat belong to a different category because a very different set of skills and software features are needed to safely move around dollars, euros, etc. This post is about whether or not your coins are likely to get lost or be unreachable.
  4. I asked "Did this get fixed?" to a lot of people who posted about problems. Not only to see how things turned out. Also to generate a possible data point about the quality of the post. I.e. Trolls and other "special" people venting online can be identified by not bothering to follow up or respond to questions. I also hope this encourages people to not forget to follow up a few weeks later and share a final outcome - good or bad.
Company Resolved Total complaints
BlockFi 50% 2 resolved, 2 not resolved
CDC 58% 29 resolved, 21 not resolved
Celsius 61% 23 resolved, 15 not resolved
Nexo 67% 8 resolved, 4 not resolved
BlockFi (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/hbcxqq/withdrawal_pending/
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/dkpy38/tx_confirmed_but_no_deposit/
BlockFi (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/gvnbz0/withdrawal_of_large_requires_id_and_facial_scan/
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/hwqin8/refused_withdrawal_due_to_kyc/
​
CDC (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/grjphd/is_the_wallet_app_buggy_for_anyone_else_crashes/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gkduf8/unable_to_add_a_wallet_to_withdraw_funds/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cpaj2y/issues_with_crypto_invest_portfolio_and/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ceu0vd/1130pm_hkt_update_withdrawals_and_deposits_are/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gi62j3/missing_cro_sending_to_the_exchange/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/d6qjtb/thank_you/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gjx3xp/where_are_my_coins/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ffiz9x/transfer_bch/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/f7se85/usdt_delisted_on_cryptocom/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/dw8vmn/my_funds_are_being_held_hostage_by_cryptocom_yes/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/clg9r2/cryptocom_is_just_a_regular_bank_be_awared/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hqa0pm/btc_withdrawal_delay_5_hrs/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hmjq69/withdrawals_and_deposits_back_online/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hlro5y/ada_withdraw_erro
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hlud4t/issues_since_app_update/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hlukqc/how_long_does_it_usually_take/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm66xm/withdrawal_impossible/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm81fj/no_bitcoin_withdrawals_since_saturday/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm8irg/issue_with_withdrawing_eth/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm8kn2/communication_near_to_0/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hmbo5a/cant_withdraw_any_bitcoin/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hikkx6/withdrawal_pending/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/h91u4i/issues_on_cryptocom_app/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hb5fpusdt_withdrawal_from_exchange_doesnt_work_claims/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hdjrmz/keep_getting_a_withdrawal_erro
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hebtyf/withdrawal_pending_taking_over_16_hours/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hgt61j/one_exchange_withdrawal_two_app_deposits/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/htf578/withdrawal_dia_is_taking_8_hrs/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/he151z/btc_withdrawal_delay/
CDC (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gx2oyo/pending_withdrawal/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gk8wlc/wont_let_me_buy_or_withdraw/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gh6v2c/usdc_withdrawing_to_external_address/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ggk51x/cryptocom_withdrawal/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/g925xg/withdraw_blocked/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cfjess/withdraw_is_in_progress_from_23h/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gk8wlc/wont_let_me_buy_or_withdraw/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/9xbi1c/withdrawals_delayed/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cga2eq/delayed_transfe
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hd1to7/missing_funds_from_the_exchange_after_the/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/grr4vh/crypto_wallet_scammed_me_beware/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cg5zfj/helpbnb_wallet_address_in_app_is_still_old_eth/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hrwpsq/btc_withdrawl_pending_for_24_hours_zero_custome
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hpteje/how_to_withdraw_cro_from_the_exchange/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hottg4/cryptocom_app_is_not_working/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ha8o7v/problem_with_the_2fa_need_help_pls/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/he3qco/btc_withdraw_pending_post_7_hours/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/he45kj/withdrawal_stuck/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/heb85q/btc_withdraw_pending_72_hours_now/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hhqruv/withdrawal_from_cryptocom_wallet_to_cryptocom_app/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hihl04/i_cant_withdraw_whats_happening/
​
Celsius (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gantb4/withdraw_delay/fp11iut/?context=3
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gb7c4t/withdrawal_still_pending_only_for_btc/fp4wmc3/?context=3
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gncvj9/my_withdraw_experience_with_celsius_network/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/fk844a/over_20k_withdrawals_processing_time/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/fhftgh/where_do_i_find_pending_or_past_withdrawals/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/epl29a/cant_withdraw_my_deposited_sai_as_a_texas_resident/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/dn0vg2/problem_withdrawing_eth_from_celsius_account/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/cw00t5/not_receiving_withdrawal_confirmation_email/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/ci3h6w/eth_withdrawal_appears_as_an_internal_transaction/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/c2w5gk/unable_to_withdraw_anything_from_the_app/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/br2v75/how_do_i_withdraw_the_interest/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/bqynbv/unable_to_withdraw_full_account_balance/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/a9d2vj/withdrawals_of_any_currency_are_not_currently/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gfby9l/celsius_fixed_my_deposit_issue/fpw51u3/?context=3
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/g9oiea/deposit_missing/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/dkb55t/deposit_not_showing_up/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/eudo3n/not_receiving_deposited_bitcoin/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gepzpp/all_good_all_fix/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hf334d/withdrawal_issue_trueusd_tusd_stable_coin/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hiriqz/celsius_is_witholding_my_crypto/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hjv0io/dai_withdrawal_pending_for_24hrs_subsequently/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hme5xm/its_been_more_than_3_days_of_withdrawing_my_usdc/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hvi45o/eth_and_cel_good_on_etherscan_not_show_in_app/
Celsius (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/fbpnw4/why_this_app_shutdown_when_we_try_to_change/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/f7i2f3/withdrawal_issues/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/f4ptd7/cant_get_my_crypto_not_getting_withdrawal_emails/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/ea3hi5/eth_withdrawal_made_from_a_smart_contract/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/cb08he/can_you_withdraw_to_a_bech32_btc_address/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/c8yovc/minimum_withdraws/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/bqqiqg/i_cant_withdraw_my_eth/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/askghy/what_is_the_withdrawal_fees_service_told_me_there/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gtjoc9/btc_withdraw_transaction_still_pensing_after_1_day/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/g9f7ym/stolen_or_lost_deposits_hold_off_on_transferring/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gf8v3i/mcdai_deposit_pending_for_days/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/d1sc3q/eth_deposit_address_is_a_contract_address/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/ca2wpd/warning_celsius_does_lock_up_your_funds/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hnu53f/is_anyone_else_having_trouble_withdrawing_xrp/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hv2czp/celsius_received_thousands_of_dollars_of_my_funds/
​
Nexo (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/gixzgu/cant_deposit_or_withdraw_stablecoins_right_now/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/flshbb/my_withdraw_was_rejected/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/fiit3u/nexo_withdrawal/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/e2ij06/withdrawal_problems/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/fhgmxg/missing_deposit/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/f3z9kq/account_showing_no_balance/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/gj3ub0/bnb_withdrawals/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/hlxpnd/i_made_an_eth_deposit_36_hours_ago_the_txid_shows/
Nexo (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/dpvrgj/nexo_withdrawal_pending_1_day/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/dno3up/withdrawal_email_confirmation/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/dm6nn9/withdraw_from_binance_dex/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/c67gis/anyone_else_having_problems_with_loan_withdrawals/
submitted by thegoldlust to Crypto_com [link] [comments]

Where's My Money? Deposits And Withdrawals At Blockfi, Celsius, Crypto.Com And Nexo Compared

Does your crypto show up in your account? And can you get it back? Looking through 100+ complaints about deposits and withdrawals, the insights are obvious but good to know...
- They require additional information like tags (XRP, XLM)
- Had major software changes (BCH, BNB, DAI / MCD, ADA)
So if you're going to move one of these coins, make sure to not forget the extra information or wait a few weeks after the change (to give these companies time to get caught up).
Raw data is below, organized by company and whether it seems the complaint was resolved. Some important notes to consider
  1. Posts about waiting a few hours for a transaction to complete were not counted. Many times (most of the time?) when it takes more than 20 minutes, nothing is broken. E.g. High gas fees on the ethereum network will mean slower processing times for stable coins and other ERC-20 tokens. Less popular tokens, like GUSD, might require people manually going into cold storage. Large (> $30,000 USD) transactions require additional verification. If it takes > 8 hours then yes something is not right. And you should email support and start posting. Otherwise sit tight.
  2. Comments from different people on the same post saying they have the same problem were not counted for "scores". Most of these comments don't add useful information and make it harder to collect the data.
  3. Posts about fiat belong to a different category because a very different set of skills and software features are needed to safely move around dollars, euros, etc. This post is about whether or not your coins are likely to get lost or be unreachable.
  4. I asked "Did this get fixed?" to a lot of people who posted about problems. Not only to see how things turned out. Also to generate a possible data point about the quality of the post. I.e. Trolls and other "special" people venting online can be identified by not bothering to follow up or respond to questions. I also hope this encourages people to not forget to follow up a few weeks later and share a final outcome - good or bad.
Company Resolved Total complaints
BlockFi 50% 2 resolved, 2 not resolved
CDC 58% 29 resolved, 21 not resolved
Celsius 61% 23 resolved, 15 not resolved
Nexo 67% 8 resolved, 4 not resolved
BlockFi (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/hbcxqq/withdrawal_pending/
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/dkpy38/tx_confirmed_but_no_deposit/
BlockFi (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/gvnbz0/withdrawal_of_large_requires_id_and_facial_scan/
https://www.reddit.com/blockfi/comments/hwqin8/refused_withdrawal_due_to_kyc/
​
CDC (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/grjphd/is_the_wallet_app_buggy_for_anyone_else_crashes/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gkduf8/unable_to_add_a_wallet_to_withdraw_funds/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cpaj2y/issues_with_crypto_invest_portfolio_and/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ceu0vd/1130pm_hkt_update_withdrawals_and_deposits_are/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gi62j3/missing_cro_sending_to_the_exchange/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/d6qjtb/thank_you/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gjx3xp/where_are_my_coins/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ffiz9x/transfer_bch/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/f7se85/usdt_delisted_on_cryptocom/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/dw8vmn/my_funds_are_being_held_hostage_by_cryptocom_yes/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/clg9r2/cryptocom_is_just_a_regular_bank_be_awared/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hqa0pm/btc_withdrawal_delay_5_hrs/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hmjq69/withdrawals_and_deposits_back_online/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hlro5y/ada_withdraw_erro
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hlud4t/issues_since_app_update/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hlukqc/how_long_does_it_usually_take/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm66xm/withdrawal_impossible/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm81fj/no_bitcoin_withdrawals_since_saturday/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm8irg/issue_with_withdrawing_eth/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hm8kn2/communication_near_to_0/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hmbo5a/cant_withdraw_any_bitcoin/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hikkx6/withdrawal_pending/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/h91u4i/issues_on_cryptocom_app/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hb5fpusdt_withdrawal_from_exchange_doesnt_work_claims/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hdjrmz/keep_getting_a_withdrawal_erro
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hebtyf/withdrawal_pending_taking_over_16_hours/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hgt61j/one_exchange_withdrawal_two_app_deposits/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/htf578/withdrawal_dia_is_taking_8_hrs/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/he151z/btc_withdrawal_delay/
CDC (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gx2oyo/pending_withdrawal/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gk8wlc/wont_let_me_buy_or_withdraw/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gh6v2c/usdc_withdrawing_to_external_address/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ggk51x/cryptocom_withdrawal/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/g925xg/withdraw_blocked/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cfjess/withdraw_is_in_progress_from_23h/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/gk8wlc/wont_let_me_buy_or_withdraw/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/9xbi1c/withdrawals_delayed/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cga2eq/delayed_transfe
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hd1to7/missing_funds_from_the_exchange_after_the/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/grr4vh/crypto_wallet_scammed_me_beware/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/cg5zfj/helpbnb_wallet_address_in_app_is_still_old_eth/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hrwpsq/btc_withdrawl_pending_for_24_hours_zero_custome
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hpteje/how_to_withdraw_cro_from_the_exchange/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hottg4/cryptocom_app_is_not_working/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/ha8o7v/problem_with_the_2fa_need_help_pls/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/he3qco/btc_withdraw_pending_post_7_hours/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/he45kj/withdrawal_stuck/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/heb85q/btc_withdraw_pending_72_hours_now/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hhqruv/withdrawal_from_cryptocom_wallet_to_cryptocom_app/
https://www.reddit.com/Crypto_com/comments/hihl04/i_cant_withdraw_whats_happening/
​
Celsius (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gantb4/withdraw_delay/fp11iut/?context=3
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gb7c4t/withdrawal_still_pending_only_for_btc/fp4wmc3/?context=3
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gncvj9/my_withdraw_experience_with_celsius_network/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/fk844a/over_20k_withdrawals_processing_time/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/fhftgh/where_do_i_find_pending_or_past_withdrawals/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/epl29a/cant_withdraw_my_deposited_sai_as_a_texas_resident/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/dn0vg2/problem_withdrawing_eth_from_celsius_account/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/cw00t5/not_receiving_withdrawal_confirmation_email/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/ci3h6w/eth_withdrawal_appears_as_an_internal_transaction/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/c2w5gk/unable_to_withdraw_anything_from_the_app/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/br2v75/how_do_i_withdraw_the_interest/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/bqynbv/unable_to_withdraw_full_account_balance/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/a9d2vj/withdrawals_of_any_currency_are_not_currently/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gfby9l/celsius_fixed_my_deposit_issue/fpw51u3/?context=3
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/g9oiea/deposit_missing/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/dkb55t/deposit_not_showing_up/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/eudo3n/not_receiving_deposited_bitcoin/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gepzpp/all_good_all_fix/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hf334d/withdrawal_issue_trueusd_tusd_stable_coin/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hiriqz/celsius_is_witholding_my_crypto/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hjv0io/dai_withdrawal_pending_for_24hrs_subsequently/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hme5xm/its_been_more_than_3_days_of_withdrawing_my_usdc/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hvi45o/eth_and_cel_good_on_etherscan_not_show_in_app/
Celsius (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/fbpnw4/why_this_app_shutdown_when_we_try_to_change/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/f7i2f3/withdrawal_issues/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/f4ptd7/cant_get_my_crypto_not_getting_withdrawal_emails/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/ea3hi5/eth_withdrawal_made_from_a_smart_contract/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/cb08he/can_you_withdraw_to_a_bech32_btc_address/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/c8yovc/minimum_withdraws/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/bqqiqg/i_cant_withdraw_my_eth/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/askghy/what_is_the_withdrawal_fees_service_told_me_there/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gtjoc9/btc_withdraw_transaction_still_pensing_after_1_day/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/g9f7ym/stolen_or_lost_deposits_hold_off_on_transferring/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/gf8v3i/mcdai_deposit_pending_for_days/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/d1sc3q/eth_deposit_address_is_a_contract_address/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/ca2wpd/warning_celsius_does_lock_up_your_funds/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hnu53f/is_anyone_else_having_trouble_withdrawing_xrp/
https://www.reddit.com/CelsiusNetwork/comments/hv2czp/celsius_received_thousands_of_dollars_of_my_funds/
​
Nexo (Resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/gixzgu/cant_deposit_or_withdraw_stablecoins_right_now/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/flshbb/my_withdraw_was_rejected/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/fiit3u/nexo_withdrawal/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/e2ij06/withdrawal_problems/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/fhgmxg/missing_deposit/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/f3z9kq/account_showing_no_balance/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/gj3ub0/bnb_withdrawals/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/hlxpnd/i_made_an_eth_deposit_36_hours_ago_the_txid_shows/
Nexo (Not resolved)
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/dpvrgj/nexo_withdrawal_pending_1_day/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/dno3up/withdrawal_email_confirmation/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/dm6nn9/withdraw_from_binance_dex/
https://www.reddit.com/Nexo/comments/c67gis/anyone_else_having_problems_with_loan_withdrawals/
submitted by thegoldlust to CelsiusNetwork [link] [comments]

TomoChain - Binance AMA Recap - In case you missed it!

TomoChain - Binance AMA Recap - In case you missed it!
TomoChain’s AMA with Binance was recently held on Oct. 19th, 2019 with CEO Long Vuong sharing all the latest updates about TomoChain’s products and potential future projects.
​
https://preview.redd.it/yz3h0tqgc2u31.jpg?width=1600&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=1a888e829057030e17ea4cb67828afb2455c6811
*** Below is a brief recap of what happened during the AMA ***
Segment 1: Richie from Binance asked Long Vuong 5 questions.
Richie: Among different blockchains and cryptocurrency projects, what are some key features that set TomoChain aside? What does TomoChain have that other projects don’t?
Long: Some key features which set TomooChain aside include:
  • PoSV consensus: TomoChain uses an innovative consensus method called POSv (Proof of Stake Voting) which gives an incentive to all TomoChain token-holders to play an active part in staking across a network of 150 high-quality masternodes, and to monitor their performance and governance actively. Our staking-governance Dapp, TomoMaster, is recognized as one of the leading staking platforms in the industry. With our PoSV consensus protocol, TomoChain provides:
/ At least 2k TPS while still enhancing security through Double Validation.
/ 2-second block-time and transaction confirmed within almost 4-second.
/ Significantly improvement of user experiences and adoption of blockchain.
  • Double Validation and Randomization: Strengthens Tomochain’s security, reduces fork and nothing-at-stake attacks, and makes TomoChain unique among other Proof-of-Stake-based blockchains.
  • EVM compatible: Every Ethereum smart contract can be effectively run with almost instant transaction confirmation. Porting time:
/ From Ethereum to TomoChain.
/ 2From Tron to TomoChain: 8h.
  • Rich set of our own products: that enable a variety of platforms for end-users to interact seamlessly with blockchain technology, including TomoWallet, TomoMaster, TomoScan, TomoZ, TomoX.
/ TomoZ — Zero Friction Protocol — the first on-chain protocol that offers the ability for any user to pay transaction fees with the same token the user is holding.
/ TomoX — a secure and efficient relayer-masternode decentralized cryptocurrency exchange protocol that empowers a diverse system of relayers, MM providers, and independent projects to work together.
  • Privacy: Lastly, token privacy on TomoChain will be forth-coming in 2020, and the details for implementation will be revealed in due course.
Richie: Since mainnet’s launch 10 months ago, what are some key achievements for TomoChain? And does TomoChain has any plans to keep up with this productivity in the future?
Long: Since our mainnet launch, TomoChain has continuously built our ecosystem strong and stable, resulting in:
  • Being a stable chain running that can handle 2000 tx/s.
  • 50% TOMO staked in the smart-contract for the masternode governance system.
  • 16 active dapps build on top of TomoChain and almost 6000 monthly active users, with a variety of new games and dapps being created.
  • TomoZ’s mainnet launch, a protocol that allows users to pay transaction fees with their own native token without having to hold TOMO, as well as to help users create their own token in 2 minutes. After the launch, a number of token with TRC21 standards has been made through TomoIssuer.
Richie: Which area does TomoChain focus on at the moment? (DeFi, Dapps,..) and which products/projects are you developing to support it?
Long: TomoChain aims to build a safe and credible DeFi system that everyone can benefit from globally, with our recent launch of TomoZ — fees by any token protocol, our decentralized exchange protocol TomoX coming in a couple of weeks, and many more projects in plan for the future.
TomoChain opens up a wide playground for developers to creatively build their own dapps and games. We have an enthusiastic high-tech team that can support you with problems you may have while creating your product. TomoChain’s most recent Dappathon Competition just ended, with 9 final contestants who’ve brought a whole new gaming experience for our community. Thus, many new games are coming up on our platform, encouraging even more developers and game lovers to join. So keep an eye out to try out some of our new games!
Richie: TomoChain has launched TomoZ’s mainnet in August. Can you elaborate on the product and comment on the amount of interest with individuals/businesses you’re seeing in this product?
Long: TomoZ — Zero Friction Protocol — provides inroads to mainstream users who find crypto to be unnecessarily complex. It is the first on-chain protocol that offers the ability for any user to pay transaction fees with the same token that the user is holding.
TomoZ removes the friction of having to hold native blockchain coins/tokens to send to other wallets or to interact with dapps. Users/customers of all businesses using our solution will have a smooth experience without even knowing that they are using the blockchain and cryptocurrency technology.
Tokens issued with the TomoZ protocol follow a new standard called TRC-21 (TRC is the abbreviation of TomoChain Request for Comments). Everyone can create a TRC-21 token on TomoChain in a few clicks using TomoIssuer — a user-friendly token issuance dashboard. No need to spend thousands of USD hiring blockchain developers.
For DeFi apps, TomoZ can be tailored for issuing stablecoins. Digital wallets and payment systems can be set up via TomoZ protocol very fast and cost-effectively.
Richie: The testnet of your flagship product — TomoX — the DEX protocol is to be rolled out soon. What sets TomoX apart from other DEX protocols?
Long: TomoX Testnet is to be launched in a couple of weeks. TomoX Protocol is our relayer-masternode decentralized cryptocurrency exchange protocol. Compared to the current state of the art DEX architecture, TomoX Protocol has quite a lot of advantages, which have been described in detail in our paper (http://bit.ly/33EgSl7), the most notable are as follows:
  1. Performance: TomoX Protocol is integrated into the core TomoChain blockchain consensus layer, which can potentially handle many thousands of transactions per second. Furthermore, with the Relayer-Masternode architecture, the heavy computational load of the matching engine in masternodes can be substantially moved to Relayers’ local matching engine. Performance of the TomoX Protocol can therefore potentially be an improvement when compared to most of the existing DEXs.
  2. Liquidity: This is a chicken and egg problem. Traders do not join most of the existing DEXs because there are not enough orders on these DEXs to match. With the Relayer-Masternode architecture, each relayer can focus on understanding their relevant markets and trading pairs — thus the potential for better and targeted marketing strategies to attract more traders to participate in the ecosystem.
  3. Full decentralization: Most of the existing DEXs are semi-decentralized. TomoX Protocol, on the other hand, is fully decentralized because the order book database, matching engine and trade execution mechanism is decentralized to all masternodes. This decentralization power in TomoX can significantly reduce front-running risks that currently appear in some centralized exchanges or semi-decentralized exchanges.
  4. Security: Centralized exchanges can have significant security issues as they centrally manage a large of amount of assets, and traders on centralized exchanges do not have control of their private keys. TomoX and non-custodial exchanges solve this problem because the users have complete control of their assets. In practice, some DEXs require traders to deposit their assets, while TomoX does not impose this requirement, and is completely non-custodial regarding user assets.
  5. Cost: TomoChain provides near-zero transaction fees, which significantly reduces trading fees compared to most existing DEXs.
SEGMENT 2 — Long asks questions to the chat. Each question is linked with a google form, which will be accepting answers in 3 minutes.
Q1: When was TomoChain listed on Binance?
August 24th, 2019.
Q2: Which TOMO trading pairs are available on Binance.com?
TOMO/BNB, TOMO/BTC, TOMO/USDT and TOMO/USDC.
Q3: What is the name of TomoChain’s consensus?
PoSV — Proof of Stake Voting.
Q4: Name TomoChain’s most recent product and its mainnet launching date?
TomoZ — August 20th, 2019.
Q5: The testnet of which TomoChain’s product will soon be launched?
TomoX.
SEGMENT 3 — Chat asked Long questions. 3 Rounds of questions opened up, and Long chose 5 questions from each round the answer. Below are some of the highlighted questions Long gave answers to:
Q1: Vietnam has very few successful projects, what is the problem? Does TomoChain have any plans to support other projects in Vietnam and contribute to building a stronger Vietnamese community?
Long: I consider TOMO and TomoChain being in a very good term right now, given that we have a strong and decentralized community of Masternodes and stakers securing the chain 24/24 every single day. Furthermore, good things take time to happen, even Bitcoin took a few years to create strong values. Comparatively, TomoChain would need more time to develop and mature, expanding our reputation and values to the world.
Q2: If Ethereum figures out their scaling issues, then projects like Tomo will not be able to compete. How will you respond to it?
Long: That’s no issue actually. There are other dimensions to compare that TomoChain still proves to have advantage on, such as blocktime. TomoChain has a 2 second blocktime while Ethereum’s is about 15s, which makes TomoChain more suitable for gaming and other activities that need fast interaction. Also, target audience and the community usage of the network can be very different too.
Q3: Among some technology key points such as: Sidechain, Privacy, Shardchain, how far are Tomochain going in each aspects at the moment? What are your main focus in terms of technology at the moment?
Long: Side-chain technology is doable (can be designed and built) but we focus on the mainchain at the moment. Sharding has some serious drawbacks as inter shard communication can break smart-contract composability and this is a very serious issue. The next major research area we are working on is privacy.
Q4: TomoChain has so many outstanding features in the form of TOMO WALLET, TOMO MASTER, TOMO SCAN, etc. to name a few. But, do you have real users and partners that use your services and what marketing strategies do you have to draw new users as without marketing no matter how good the product is nobody cares?
AIS-X generated its AIS token with the TRC21 standard on TomoChain. Can you elaborate more on this and its purpose?
Is the number 150 high-quality masternodes fixed or dynamic?
Long: We do have a variety of real users using our products on a daily basis. For example: TomoWallet has around 1000 daily active users, which mean around 1000 people open the app and do something every single day. The number has actually been quite stable for the last few months. Moreover, I feel that the crypto space is still very small, so TomoChain and other crypto and blockchain projects are trying our best to push the number of users. Of course the more the merrier. So my invitation to all of you to download the app and spend sometimes with TomoChain community :)
Q5: Ethereum developers seem to be loyal (or stubborn if you prefer) to Ethereum and might wait for Ethereum to scale because I haven’t seen any major ETH dapp switching to Tomochain (or other blockchain project), so how will Tomochain persuade/attract blockchain developers (solidity developers specifically) to build on Tomochain or migrate their dapps from Eth to Tomo? Assuming that the need for higher TPS in the dapps will trigger this onboarding of developers might not work necessarily and is too passive of a strategy IMO. For example, Thundercore protocol is also EVM compatible & faster (1200 TPS) than Ethereum but solidity developers are not building there either. So what’s Tomochain/Tomoteam strategy in this regard?
Long: I don’t believe in bribing or buying developers (from Ethereum or elsewhere) to build on TomoChain. It is not the way to build an authentic community. We want to build a community with real interests and determination to help grow TomoChain ecosystem. Thus, till now, we fortunately have been working with some awesome teams such as TomoSwap, PigFarm etc. Our goal is to continue to build reliable products, and increase users experience when it comes to blockchain in general, and join TomoChain specifically.
submitted by alexngn201 to Tomochain [link] [comments]

The History, The Current State And The Future Of NavCoin

The History, The Current State And The Future Of NavCoin

This is it. If you're interested to see what NAV is all about, this is the ultimate guide for you. You will learn about the history of NavCoin and how it evolved. You will learn about the current state and features of NavCoin and you will learn about the exciting new features that are planned and coming up in the (near) future.
So buckle up, this is going to be a long ride!
​

Table Of Content

​

Introduction - What is NavCoin?

​

The History

Introduction
The following chapter will summarize and break down the history of NavCoin in a few sentences. NAV started a long time ago, went through rebrandings and changes of the core team before it became what it is today.
​
SummerCoin
NavCoin was initially first introduced under the name SummerCoin on April 23 in 2014. SummerCoin was a fork of the Bitcoin blockchain. It used to have a PoW/PoS hybrid algorithm with a block time of 45 seconds.
​
SummerCoinV2 /NavajoCoin
Soon after the initial launch of SummerCoin, the original developer left and SoopY (soopy452000 on bitcointalk) took over as the main developer and rebranded the project to SummerCoinV2 respectively NavajoCoin and introduced new features.
The name NavajoCoin was chosen in honor of the Navajo Code Talker. The unbreakable Navajo code was used to encrypt highly classified military information and commands and decrypt the same in WW II.
SoopY introduced a technology which allowed sending transactions anonymously and private. This technology was called "Navajo Anonymous Technology". SoopY also released a new wallet and set the Proof of Stake rewards at 10% for the first year, 5% for the second year and 2% for every year after.
​
NavCoin
On August 12, 2014, Craig (current lead core developer, pakage on bitcointalk) started to get involved with NAV by helping to set up a website [10].
It was officially announced that Craig joined the core team as a "Wallet & Web Developer" on November 06, 2014.
The last tokenswap and restart of the blockchain of NAV happened on May 12, 2016.
Soon later, SoopY stopped showing up and Craig stepped into the role of the lead core developer. Since then, Craig has assembled a strong team with which he built NavCoin into what it is today.
Currently, Craig and the NavCoin Core team is located in New Zealand and they are actively developing many ground-braking features which differentiate NAV from other cryptocurrencies. You will read more about that later in this article.

The Current State

Introduction
The year 2018 has been a thriving year for the NavCoin ecosystem. Despite the USD price of NAV not reflecting it, in 2018 the core team has developed a whole bunch of new features. Also the core content creators published the first official guidelines that function as an orientation guide for community content creators. This chapter will give you an overview of the current team, the features, the prior mentioned guidelines and the community of NavCoin.
​
Core Team [1]
Last year, the core team has grown alot. It contains of developers, content creators and interns. The core team are employees of Encrypt S, the New Zealand's leading blockchain R&D lab. Encrypt S is developing blockchain solutions since 2014 and values building open-source software highly.
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Craig MacGregor - Chief Executive Officer
Craig is the CEO of Encrypt S and the founder of NavCoin. He is one of the world's most experienced blockchain developers. Craig founded NavCoin in 2014 and is developing software for it since then. He has assembled a strong team of like-minded people. Craig also speaks at seminars and conferenced. Some of the companies and conferences he did blockchain education sessions at are Oracle, Xero, Air New Zealand, Blok Tex and trademe. Together with the team, he is also doing a education series on YouTube where he explains upcoming features in-depth for the community.
​
Alex Vazquez - Chief Technical Officer
Alex is the CTO of Encrypt S and the most active contributor to the NavCoin core Github. He has incredible knowledge of blockchains and proposes and implements solutions for challenges and features. He supports community developers frequently and answers any questions of the community thoroughly. Like Craig, Alex is developing software for the NavCoin ecosystem for a very long time. Alex speaks at universities at times and educates students about the blockchain technology.
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Paul Sanderson - Lead Software Engineer
Paul is the Lead Software Engineer at Encrypt S. He has a flair for technology. His technical and management skills are perfectly suited for consultancy and investment advising. He also frequently contributes to the NavCoin core source code.
​
Rowan Savage - Senior Software Engineer
Rowan is a full stack software engineer with more than a decade experience in developing complex front-end web applications. He joined Encrypt S in February 2018 and has since been involved in the Valence Plattform, the Kauri Wallet and NavCoin Core. You will read more about these feature/projects later.
​
Carter Xiao - Lead UX/UI Designer
Carter specializes in user-centric design and is also very talented with 3D animation, motion graphics and programming. One of NavCoins core principle is "Simplifying Crypto" and UX/UI is a very important part of that.
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Matt Paul - Software Engineer
Like Rowan, Matt is a full stack Software Engineer. He joined the core team in Mai 2017 and has since worked on NavPay, NavPi, the Kauri Wallet and NavCoin Core. Kieren Hyland - Chief Strategy Officer Kieren is one of the employees that are working for Encrypt S for a very long time. He is the CSO and is a digital strategist and growth hacker with a passion for new technology and has a lot of experience in online marketing. Laura Harris - Creative Director Laura has a combination of commercial and creative flair. She manages the social media accounts for NavCoin and ensures, that NavCoins' message is always powerful, relevant and distinctive. John Darby - Content Creator John is an internationally awarded Technology and Financial sector marketing communications specialist. He is one of the Core Content Creators for NavCoin.
​
Features of NavCoin [2]
The following features are currently available and have been developed in the last months and years. It is sorted from newest to oldest.
​
Static Block Reward
The soft-fork for the enabling of static block rewards have been accepted and became active recently at 5th January 2019. This means, that the block reward was changed from a percentage based reward to a static reward. This will incentivize the stakers to have their node online 24/7 which increased the security of the network. It also aligns NavCoin with the PoSv3 specification. With this implementation, the yearly inflation will be 3.6% currently and will exponentionally decrease because of the static value of the rewards. Every staked block will now give the staker 2 NAV. Depending on how many people are staking, the yearly percentage varies. With the network weight currently being around 20'000'000 NAV, stakers earn around 10% rewards from staking 24/7.
​
Cold staking
To provide extra security to participants in the staking process in the NavCoin network, the core team decided to implement cold staking. This allows to store NAV offline and still be able to sign staking inputs. Looking forward, a possible integration into the Ledger Nano S would mean, that one can stake NAV securely from a offline hardware wallet. How cool is that?
​
OpenAlias
One of the core principle of NAV is to simplify cryptocurrencies. Many non-technical people are deterred from the long, cryptic addresses used in wallets. When sending funds, you have to make sure that every single letter and digit is correct which is nerve-wracking for the average person. NavCoin has implemented OpenAlias, which allows to transform the wallet address into a email-like form. Everyone can register a name like "[[email protected]](mailto:[email protected])". Funds can then be sent to this name, which makes sending crypto much easier and less error-prone.
​
Community Fund
This is the one big feature I was most excited about. NavCoin core has implemented the first fully decentralized community fund. Acceptance of proposals and release of funds is all approved by the decentralized network. No central authority has access to the fund. The community fund enables everyone to propose their ideas to the NavCoin community and to get paid to implement these ideas. Everyone can propose whatever they like (of course there is a higher rate of success if the proposal contributes to the NavCoin ecosystem ;-)). In fact, this article was sponsored by the NAV-Community by voting "yes" for my proposal. The fund works like this:
For a fee of 50 NAV, everyone can create and present his idea/proposal to the entire NavCoin network. The fee is here to help prevent spam attacks. Proposals can literally be anything - be it development, marketing or anything else you can some up with.
After creating the proposal, everyone contributing to the NavCoin network can then decide if they like the proposal of not. They vote with "Yes" or "No" for the acceptance of the proposal. Voting happens via staking. Every transaction that gets validated by you gives you one vote. This means that the more NAV you are staking, the higher your voting weight is.
The proposal stays in the state "Pending" until it is accepted or rejected. To be accepted, a proposal has to have a participation of at least 50% of all staked blocks and at least 75% of these votes have to be "Yes"-votes. Like-wise to be rejected a proposal need 50% participation of the network and 75% of these votes have to be "No"-votes. Additionally, if a proposal didn't pass after 6 voting cycles (about 6 weeks) it is also rejected.
After a proposal has been accepted, the creator of the proposal can start his work. When the work is finished, or at in the proposal defined checkpoints, the proposal creator can create a payment request for the full or part of the requested funds.
The NavCoin network can then again decide, if the work is what the creator promised to do and vote for the funds or reject the payment request because it was not what he promised. This mechanism ensures, that the funds are only release if the creator of the proposal did what he promised. The NavCoin network decides everything, there is no central authority which makes the community fund 100% decentralized.
The community fund is quite new but there have already been some proposals that were accepted like paying for the development & hosting of NAV block explorer, the creation and distribution of NAV car stickers to the community for free (or paid by the community fund), the funding of interns for NavCoin Core, translation of the website into other languages and YouTube videos. What ideas could you come up with? By the way: this article was also sponsored by the community fund :-)
​
Proof of Stake
Like said before, NavCoin uses the Proof of Stake algorithm to create and validate blocks. Participants of the NavCoin network can earn rewards by putting their coins to stake and thus validating blocks and securing the network. The reward used to be 4% fixed but recently changed with the implementation of PoSv3. Currently, rewards for stakers that are staking 24/7 is about 10% but it is dependent on how many people are staking. If more nodes come online, this reward will go down. If 90% of all NAVs would be at stake, stakers would still earn 4%.
​
Tutorials And Guidelines [3]
The NavCoin Core team pushes the community to contribute to the NavCoin ecosystem constantly. They emphasize that NavCoin is an open source project and everyone can contribute. The team tries to make it as easy as possible for the average person to contribute and thus created different tutorials and guidelines.
​
Tutorials To Contribute To The Website
The whole website is open source. Everyone can contribute to the website. The team created different guides for people to follow [4].
​
The NavCoin Developer Manifesto
The content creator core team has build a developer manifesto. It defines the values that should be uphold like for example that they will always operate in the best interest of the network. If defines the principles, purposes, scope of involvement and operational requirements [5].
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The NavCoin Content Creation Manifesto
Similar to the developer manifesto, there is also a content creation manifesto. Again it defines the principles for creating content, the purpose, the scope of involvement and the operational requirements [6].
​
NavCoin Brand Guidelines
In addition to the content creation manifesto, there is also a brand guideline booklet. This should help content creators to create images, videos, articles etc. in the same style as the core team. It defines the NAV brand. The brand guidelines contain definitions, the language to use (words to use, words not to use), the tone of voice, what the community aspires to be and what we discourage to be. It also contains the logo pack which can be used in graphics etc. It describes correct logo spacing, logo placement, the colors of NAV and different web assets. It gives tips about gradients and overlays, the typefaces (with a font pack) and many more. Check it out yourself [7].
​
NavCoin Educational Series
The core team has decided to actively involve the community in the creation of new features. For this reason and to allow users to ask questions, they created the NavCoin Educational Series. The core team schedules an online live meetup which can be joined by everyone. On YouTube they do live-streams and explain upcoming features. Examples of these series are explanations for cold staking, static rewards (PoSv3) and the community fund. The community can ask questions live and the core team will answer them immediately.
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Community
During the last year there have been an influx of software developers from the community starting to create features for NAV.
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navexplorer.com
An examples is navexplorer.com which is programmed by community developer prodpeak and is a block explorer for NavCoin. Additionally, it functions as a interface to see what is going on in the community fund. It shows pending proposals and payment requests.
​
NEXT Wallet
The NEXT Wallet is an alternative wallet for NAV and other cryptocurrencies. It has a beautiful user interface and is additionally the easiest interface to interact with the community fund (create proposals, create payment requests and vote for proposals and payment requests). It is programmed by community developer sakdeniz who put hundreds of hours into it during last year.
​
There were also some marketing activities starting to emerge with the release of the community fund. Some of these were for example free stickers for everyone in the NAV community to stick to their car / shop / window etc. or YouTube videos of CryptoCandor and Cryptomoonie that explained the details of NAV. I am sure, that with the 500'000 NAV available in the community fund per year there will be an influx of gread ideas - development as well as marketing activities - that will be funded.
​

The Future

Introduction
These features are planned for the future. Many of the following features are part of the 2019 roadmap. Some will not be described in great detail because not much is known about them yet. I've still listed them as they are part of what is yet to come.
​
Features
Rimu - Improved Privacy Solution
NavCoin used to be a optional privacy coin. That means, that you could choose to send a transaction in private. NavCoin was criticized for the way it handles private payments because it relied on a few servers which didn't make it that decentralized. The technology was called "NavTech" and was a secondary blockchain that obscured the transaction and the amount that was sent. NavCoin Core is currently developing a new improved privacy solution that will make the private payment system completely trustless and districuted and runs at a protocol level. Alex of the NavCoin Core team has published a paper that describes this new privacy solution. It's called Zero Confidential Transactions and can be found here: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330366788_ZeroCT_Improving_Zerocoin_with_Confidential_Transactions_and_more. What I want to highlight is the collaboration between Alex as the proposer of the solution and the Veil team, a Bitcoin Core developer and Moneros main cryptographer as reviewers. When the best work together, it will be interesting to see what the outcome is!
​
Valence Plattform [8]
Valence is an applied Blockchain platform that can help businesses realise the tangible benefits of blockchain. You can think of Valence as a platform with which you can build Anonymous Distributed Applications (aDapps) with. But Valence is a different kind of platform that enables developers to create new types of blockchain applications. The problem with current (turing complete) dApp platforms are their complexity and rigid nature. Security holes in smart contracts and scaling issues happen frequently [9].
Valence provides transitional pathways that let businesses migrate only part of their activities to the blockchain without having to restructure their entire business model [9].
Valence will provide a spectrum of blockchain application solutions which sit along the decentralized spectrum, offering businesses simple ways to dip their toes into the blockchain at minimal risk or complexity [9].
Thanks to the proof of stake nature of the Valence blockchain, more of a node's resources can be used for processing and routing application data which makes the platform faster and scalable.
Valence aims to make building blockchain applications as accessible to the general public as WordPress or Squarespace has made building websites.
The developers NavCoin and Valence aim to make Valence extremely easy to work with:
A Valence application could be an open source mobile or web application that submits unencrypted or encrypted data directly to the blockchain. The only configuration necessary for the app developer would be setting up the data structure. Once they've done that they can start writing to the blockchain immediately.
The Valence blockchain interface is language agnostic, meaning developers are free to build applications in whichever language they're familiar with, which greatly reduces the barrier to entry.
As the platform progresses, Valence will introduce more and more smart contract templates in collaboration with the development community. These will be like plugins that users can simply select and configure for their application, without having to reinvent the wheel and risk contract errors or spend countless hours of research to program them.
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NavShopper
The following information is taken from the latest weekly news: NavShopper is a new project which will allow people to spend NavCoin on a growing list of retailers and service providers. NavShopper sits between traditional retailers accepting fiat and NavCoin users and purchases products on behalf of the user by managing the crypt-fiat conversion, payment and shipping. This project will unlock many more ways for people to spend NAV on existing websites/marketplaces without requiring each site to individually accept cryptocurrencies. Some of the prototypes we are working on include crediting your Uber account, buying products on Amazon and donating to charities.
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Kauri Wallet
The Kauri Wallet aims to be an open-source, multi-currency wallet which functions as a foundation for other features.
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Kauri Enhanced
Enhancements to the Kauri Wallet will allow multiple accounts, pin numbers, recurring payments and more.
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Kauri DAEx
The Kauri DAEx is a Decentralised Atomic Exchange that utilises the features of the Kauri Wallet and enables users to create safe peer to peer atomic exchanges for any currency supported by the Kauri Wallet. NavDelta NavDelta will be a payment gateway that allows users to spend NAV at any business which accepts currencies supported by the Kauri Wallet. NavMorph NavMorph is a fusion of Rimu and Kauri DAEx and will allow to privately send every cryptocurrency supported by the Kauri Wallet.
​

Outro

If you have made it this far: Congratulations! You have learned about how NAV evolved, what its current state is and what the future will bring. To sum all up: NavCoin has made incredible progress during last year and released many long awaited features despite the bear market. Many more exciting features are yet to come and it's going to be very interesting to see where we will stand on this day next year.
​

Giveaway

Unfortunately, the giveaway was not possible in the cryptocurrency-subreddit because of their rules, so I'm doing it here :-) As a surprise, in the next 2 hours I am going to send some NAV to everyone who wants to try out the awesome features and NavPay you read about above.
To get your NAVs, all you have to do is the following:
If you liked the experience, I'd be happy to hear back from you :)
​

References

[1] https://encrypt-s.com/company/
[2] https://navcoin.org/en/roadmap/
[3] https://navhub.org/get-involved/
[4] https://navhub.org/how-to-guide/
[5] https://navhub.org/assets/NavCoinDeveloperManifesto.pdf
[6] https://navhub.org/assets/NavCoinContentManifesto.pdf
[7] https://navhub.org/assets/NavCoinBrandGuidelines.pdf
[8] https://valenceplatform.org/
[9] https://valenceplatform.org/learn/business-on-the-blockchain-made-easy/
[10] https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=679791.msg8320228#msg8320228
submitted by crypto_sIF to NavCoin [link] [comments]

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